Migrate EVG task coverage to latest Debian, Ubuntu, and RHEL distros

[eramongodb]

Resolves CDRIVER-5873 and CDRIVER-5874.

Followup to several PRs such as #1760 and #1839. Applies similar changes to those in mongodb/mongo-cxx-driver#1328.

Summary of changes include:

• Removing tasks on debian9 and debian10, replacing with equivalents on debian11 and debian12 when not already present.
• Extend tasks on ubuntu2004 with equivalents on ubuntu2204 and ubuntu2404 when not already present.
• Move x86_64 server version task coverage onto the rhel8-latest distro (analogous to rhel80 in CXX-2665 audit and refactor EVG matrices to use supported distros and extended coverage mongo-cxx-driver#1328) per EVG Distro Guidelines.
• Tidy up task matrices by "compile-only" vs. "for test matrix".
• Tidy up distros.py by removing unused distros.
• Remove "single" topology tasks for CSE matrices with server 7.0+.

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Support for Debian 9 and Debian 10 were deprecated in #1839. This PR applies the followup removal from the EVG config, as both distros are EOL. For every task matrix where either distro is removed, an equivalent replacement is added for debian11 and debian12, e.g. a "compile with GCC on Debian 9" task now has a "compile with GCC on Debian 12" equivalent task. This is to preserve basic OS-specific coverage.

Most x86_64 server version coverage tasks are moved onto the rhel8-latest distro similar to how rhel80 is used as the primary x86_64 distro in mongodb/mongo-cxx-driver#1328. This allows for wider coverage of server versions with fewer special-casing. Similar distro selection improvements for other architectures (i.e. for arm64, which is likely to be move to amazon2023-latest distro rather than an ubuntu*-arm64 distro) is deferred for now.

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As a drive-by improvement(?), the following comment is (re)applied with better accuracy:

# Test 7.0+ with a replica set since Queryable Encryption does not support the 'server' topology. Queryable Encryption tests require 7.0+.

CSE tasks running with server 7.0+ no longer include the single topology. Instead, the single topology is only tested with server versions 4.2 through 6.0. This can be reverted if preferable.

[codeowners-service-app]

Assigned bisht2050 for team dbx-c-cxx because kevinAlbs is out of office.
Assigned bisht2050 for team dbx-c-cxx because kevinAlbs is out of office.

[kevinAlbs]

The test matrix organization improvements are much appreciated. LGTM with a tweak to the CSFLE/QE matrices.

[kevinAlbs]

Suggest consolidating and revising comment:

# Client-Side Field-Level Encryption requires server 4.2+. Queryable Encryption requires server 7.0+ and is skipped on the single server topology.
TEST_MATRIX = [
    # rhel8-latest provides 4.2 through latest.
    ('rhel8-latest', 'clang', None, 'cyrus', ['auth'], ['server', 'replica'], ['4.2', '4.4', '5.0', '6.0', '7.0', '8.0', 'latest']),
]

[kevinAlbs]

Suggest consolidating and revising comment:

# Client-Side Field-Level Encryption requires server 4.2+. Queryable Encryption requires server 7.0+ and is skipped on the single server topology.
TEST_MATRIX = [
    # rhel8-latest provides 4.2+.
    ('rhel8-latest', 'gcc', None, 'cyrus', ['auth'], ['server', 'replica'], ['4.2', '4.4', '5.0', '6.0', '7.0', '8.0', 'latest']),

    # windows-vsCurrent provides 4.2+.
    ('windows-vsCurrent', 'vs2017x64', None, 'cyrus', ['auth'], ['server', 'replica'], ['4.2', '4.4', '5.0', '6.0', '7.0', '8.0', 'latest']),

    # ubuntu2004-arm64 provides 4.4+.
    ('ubuntu2004-arm64', 'gcc', None, 'cyrus', ['auth'], ['server', 'replica'], ['4.4', '5.0', '6.0', '7.0', '8.0', 'latest']),

    # rhel8-zseries provides 5.0+.
    ('rhel8-zseries', 'gcc', None, 'cyrus', ['auth'], ['server', 'replica'], ['5.0', '6.0', '7.0', '8.0', 'latest']),
]