Drop Python 3.9

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -12,12 +12,6 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         python-version: ['3.14']
         tmux-version: ['2.6', '2.7', '2.8', '3.0a', '3.1b', '3.2a', '3.3a', '3.4', '3.5', 'master']
-        # balance ci coverage across supported python/tmux versions with CI speed
-        include:
-          - python-version: '3.9'
-            tmux-version: '2.6'
-          - python-version: '3.9'
-            tmux-version: 'master'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 

CHANGES

@@ -33,6 +33,14 @@ $ pipx install --suffix=@next 'tmuxp' --pip-args '\--pre' --force
 
 - _Future release notes will be placed here_
 
+### Breaking changes
+
+- Drop Python 3.9, EOL October 5th, 2025 (#987)
+
+  tmuxp 1.55.0 was the last release for Python 3.9.
+
+  The minimum Python for tmuxp as of 1.56.0 is Python 3.10
+
 ### Development
 
 - Add Python 3.14 to test matrix (#986)

README.md

@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ See donation options at <https://tony.sh/support.html>.
 # Project details
 
 - tmux support: 1.8+
-- python support: >= 3.9, pypy, pypy3
+- python support: >= 3.10, pypy, pypy3
 - Source: <https://github.com/tmux-python/tmuxp>
 - Docs: <https://tmuxp.git-pull.com>
 - API: <https://tmuxp.git-pull.com/api.html>

docs/_ext/aafig.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 import locale
 import logging
+import pathlib
 import posixpath
 import typing as t
 from hashlib import sha1 as sha
@@ -130,9 +131,11 @@ def render_aafig_images(app: Sphinx, doctree: nodes.Node) -> None:
             options["format"] = format_map[format_]
         else:
             logger.warning(
-                f'unsupported builder format "{format_}", please '
-                "add a custom entry in aafig_format config "
-                "option for this builder",
+                (
+                    'unsupported builder format "%s", please add a custom entry in '
+                    "aafig_format config option for this builder"
+                ),
+                format_,
             )
             img.replace_self(nodes.literal_block(text, text))
             continue
@@ -196,11 +199,9 @@ def render_aafigure(
                 f = None
                 try:
                     try:
-                        with open(
-                            metadata_fname,
-                            encoding=locale.getpreferredencoding(False),
-                        ) as f:
-                            extra = f.read()
+                        extra = pathlib.Path(metadata_fname).read_text(
+                            encoding=locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
+                        )
                     except Exception as e:
                         raise AafigError from e
                 finally:
@@ -221,12 +222,9 @@ def render_aafigure(
     extra = None
     if options["format"].lower() == "svg":
         extra = visitor.get_size_attrs()
-        with open(
-            metadata_fname,
-            "w",
-            encoding=locale.getpreferredencoding(False),
-        ) as f:
-            f.write(extra)
+        pathlib.Path(metadata_fname).write_text(
+            extra, encoding=locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
+        )
 
     return relfn, outfn, None, extra
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 name = "tmuxp"
 version = "1.55.0"
 description = "Session manager for tmux, which allows users to save and load tmux sessions through simple configuration files."
-requires-python = ">=3.9,<4.0"
+requires-python = ">=3.10,<4.0"
 authors = [
   {name = "Tony Narlock", email = "[email protected]"}
 ]
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ classifiers = [
   "Environment :: Web Environment",
   "Intended Audience :: Developers",
   "Programming Language :: Python",
-  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ exclude_lines = [
 
 [tool.mypy]
 strict = true
-python_version = "3.9"
+python_version = "3.10"
 files = [
   "src/",
   "tests/",
@@ -175,7 +174,7 @@ module = [
 ignore_missing_imports = true
 
 [tool.ruff]
-target-version = "py39"
+target-version = "py310"
 
 [tool.ruff.lint]
 select = [

src/tmuxp/_internal/config_reader.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 import yaml
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+    from typing import TypeAlias
 
     FormatLiteral = t.Literal["json", "yaml"]
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ def _from_file(cls, path: pathlib.Path) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
         {'session_name': 'my session'}
         """
         assert isinstance(path, pathlib.Path)
-        content = path.open().read()
+        content = path.open(encoding="utf-8").read()
 
         if path.suffix in {".yaml", ".yml"}:
             fmt: FormatLiteral = "yaml"

src/tmuxp/cli/__init__.py

@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     import pathlib
-
-    from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+    from typing import TypeAlias
 
     CLIVerbosity: TypeAlias = t.Literal["DEBUG", "INFO", "WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL"]
     CLISubparserName: TypeAlias = t.Literal[

src/tmuxp/cli/convert.py

@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ def command_convert(
         answer_yes = True
 
     if answer_yes:
-        with open(newfile, "w", encoding=locale.getpreferredencoding(False)) as buf:
-            buf.write(new_workspace)
+        pathlib.Path(newfile).write_text(
+            new_workspace, encoding=locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
+        )
         print(f"New workspace file saved to <{newfile}>.")  # NOQA: T201 RUF100

src/tmuxp/cli/freeze.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 from .utils import prompt, prompt_choices, prompt_yes_no
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, TypeGuard
+    from typing import TypeAlias, TypeGuard
 
     CLIOutputFormatLiteral: TypeAlias = t.Literal["yaml", "json"]
 
@@ -210,8 +210,9 @@ def extract_workspace_format(
         destdir = os.path.dirname(dest)
         if not os.path.isdir(destdir):
             os.makedirs(destdir)
-        with open(dest, "w", encoding=locale.getpreferredencoding(False)) as buf:
-            buf.write(workspace)
+        pathlib.Path(dest).write_text(
+            workspace, encoding=locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
+        )
 
         if not args.quiet:
             print(f"Saved to {dest}.")  # NOQA: T201 RUF100

src/tmuxp/cli/import_config.py

@@ -178,8 +178,9 @@ def import_config(
             if prompt_yes_no(f"Save to {dest_path}?"):
                 dest = dest_path
 
-        with open(dest, "w", encoding=locale.getpreferredencoding(False)) as buf:
-            buf.write(new_config)
+        pathlib.Path(dest).write_text(
+            new_config, encoding=locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
+        )
 
         tmuxp_echo(f"Saved to {dest}.")
     else:

src/tmuxp/cli/load.py

@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@
 from .utils import prompt_choices, prompt_yes_no, style, tmuxp_echo
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import TypeAlias
+
     from libtmux.session import Session
-    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, TypeAlias, TypedDict
+    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, TypedDict
 
     from tmuxp.types import StrPath
 

src/tmuxp/cli/shell.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 from tmuxp._compat import PY3, PYMINOR
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+    from typing import TypeAlias
 
     CLIColorsLiteral: TypeAlias = t.Literal[56, 88]
     CLIShellLiteral: TypeAlias = t.Literal[

src/tmuxp/cli/utils.py

@@ -10,10 +10,9 @@
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+    from typing import TypeAlias
 
-    from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
-
-    CLIColour: TypeAlias = t.Union[int, tuple[int, int, int], str]
+    CLIColour: TypeAlias = int | tuple[int, int, int] | str
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

src/tmuxp/plugin.py

@@ -31,9 +31,11 @@
 
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import TypeGuard
+
     from libtmux.session import Session
     from libtmux.window import Window
-    from typing_extensions import TypedDict, TypeGuard, Unpack
+    from typing_extensions import TypedDict, Unpack
 
     from ._internal.types import PluginConfigSchema
 

src/tmuxp/shell.py

@@ -13,12 +13,13 @@
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Callable
     from types import ModuleType
+    from typing import TypeAlias
 
     from libtmux.pane import Pane
     from libtmux.server import Server
     from libtmux.session import Session
     from libtmux.window import Window
-    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, TypeAlias, TypedDict, Unpack
+    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, TypedDict, Unpack
 
     CLIShellLiteral: TypeAlias = t.Literal[
         "best",

src/tmuxp/workspace/builder.py

@@ -418,8 +418,11 @@ def iter_create_windows(
                 else:
                     target = "windows"
                 logger.warning(
-                    f"Cannot set environment for new {target}. "
-                    "You need tmux 3.0 or newer for this.",
+                    (
+                        "Cannot set environment for new %s. "
+                        "You need tmux 3.0 or newer for this."
+                    ),
+                    target,
                 )
                 environment = None
 

src/tmuxp/workspace/finders.py

@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
     import pathlib
-
-    from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+    from typing import TypeAlias
 
     from tmuxp.types import StrPath
 

tests/cli/test_load.py

@@ -186,10 +186,11 @@ def test_load_symlinked_workspace(
 
 
 if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import TypeAlias
+
     from pytest_mock import MockerFixture
-    from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
 
-    ExpectedOutput: TypeAlias = t.Optional[t.Union[str, list[str]]]
+    ExpectedOutput: TypeAlias = str | list[str] | None
 
 
 class CLILoadFixture(t.NamedTuple):
@@ -309,7 +310,7 @@ def test_load(
     assert server.socket_name is not None
 
     monkeypatch.chdir(tmp_path)
-    for session_name, config_path in zip(session_names, config_paths):
+    for session_name, config_path in zip(session_names, config_paths, strict=False):
         tmuxp_config = pathlib.Path(
             config_path.format(tmp_path=tmp_path, TMUXP_CONFIGDIR=tmuxp_configdir),
         )

tests/fixtures/pluginsystem/partials/_types.py

@@ -12,7 +12,18 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing_extensions import NotRequired, TypedDict
+import typing as t
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import NotRequired, TypedDict
+else:
+    # Fallback for runtime, though this module should not be imported at runtime
+    try:
+        from typing_extensions import NotRequired, TypedDict
+    except ImportError:
+        # Create dummy classes for runtime
+        NotRequired = t.Any  # type: ignore[misc, assignment]
+        TypedDict = type  # type: ignore[assignment, misc]
 
 
 class PluginTestConfigSchema(TypedDict):

tests/workspace/test_builder.py

@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ def test_environment_variables_warns_prior_to_tmux_3_0(
         sum(
             1
             for record in caplog.records
-            if "Cannot set environment for new windows." in record.msg
+            if "Cannot set environment for new windows." in record.message
         )
         # From window_overrides and both_overrides, but not
         # both_overrides_in_first_pane.
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ def test_environment_variables_warns_prior_to_tmux_3_0(
         sum(
             1
             for record in caplog.records
-            if "Cannot set environment for new panes." in record.msg
+            if "Cannot set environment for new panes." in record.message
         )
         # From pane_overrides and both_overrides, but not both_overrides_in_first_pane.
         == 2
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ def test_environment_variables_warns_prior_to_tmux_3_0(
         sum(
             1
             for record in caplog.records
-            if "Cannot set environment for new panes and windows." in record.msg
+            if "Cannot set environment for new panes and windows." in record.message
         )
         # From both_overrides_in_first_pane.
         == 1
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ def test_start_directory(session: Session, tmp_path: pathlib.Path) -> None:
     assert session == builder.session
     dirs = ["/usr/bin", "/dev", str(test_dir), "/usr", "/usr"]
 
-    for path, window in zip(dirs, session.windows):
+    for path, window in zip(dirs, session.windows, strict=False):
         for p in window.panes:
 
             def f(path: str, p: Pane) -> bool:
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ def test_start_directory_relative(session: Session, tmp_path: pathlib.Path) -> N
 
     dirs = ["/usr/bin", "/dev", str(test_dir), str(config_dir), str(config_dir)]
 
-    for path, window in zip(dirs, session.windows):
+    for path, window in zip(dirs, session.windows, strict=False):
         for p in window.panes:
 
             def f(path: str, p: Pane) -> bool:
@@ -1430,7 +1430,7 @@ def test_first_pane_start_directory(session: Session, tmp_path: pathlib.Path) ->
 
     assert session.windows
     window = session.windows[0]
-    for path, p in zip(dirs, window.panes):
+    for path, p in zip(dirs, window.panes, strict=False):
 
         def f(path: str, p: Pane) -> bool:
             pane_path = p.pane_current_path