We generalize an_affine_basis, affine_hull, affine_hull_projection, and AffineHullProjectionData (from #27366) from Polyhedron_base to ConvexSet_base.
To provide the default implementation of affine_hull_projection, this ticket also adds the Polyhedron_base methods linear_transformation and translation to the ConvexSet_base ABC, as well as dilation for completeness.
Depends on #31963
Depends on #32013
CC: @kliem
Component: geometry
Author: Matthias Koeppe
Branch/Commit: b909bdd
Reviewer: Jonathan Kliem
Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/31993