ref(node): Use Sentry.continueTrace in node

[AbhiPrasad]

Carrying on work from #9606

I thought about doing more w/ removing startTransaction, but given this is going away soon in v8/otel, not touching it.

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - Webpack (gzipped)	65.61 KB (+0.13% 🔺)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - Webpack with treeshaking flags (gzipped)	55.72 KB (+0.09% 🔺)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing) - Webpack (gzipped)	31.01 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser - Webpack (gzipped)	21.32 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped)	62.03 KB (+0.07% 🔺)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing) - ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped)	29.13 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser - ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped)	21.26 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - ES6 CDN Bundle (minified & uncompressed)	195.71 KB (+0.09% 🔺)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing) - ES6 CDN Bundle (minified & uncompressed)	88.38 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser - ES6 CDN Bundle (minified & uncompressed)	63.34 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing) - ES5 CDN Bundle (gzipped)	31.85 KB (0%)
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing, Replay) - Webpack (gzipped)	65.92 KB (+0.13% 🔺)
@sentry/react - Webpack (gzipped)	21.36 KB (0%)
@sentry/nextjs Client (incl. Tracing, Replay) - Webpack (gzipped)	82.66 KB (+0.1% 🔺)
@sentry/nextjs Client - Webpack (gzipped)	48.15 KB (0%)
@sentry-internal/feedback - Webpack (gzipped)	16.12 KB (-0.25% 🔽)