remove lr scheduler tracking from internal debugger

[awaelchli]

What does this PR do?

Follow up to #9188, #9326

Replaces the calls to the internal dev debugger in the optimizer connector. Tests are updated to cover what the "debugger" offered for tracking the calls inside the learning scheduler tracking.
This is just one step towards removing the InternalDebugger completely in favor of proper unit testing.

TODO:

• update tests

Does your PR introduce any breaking changes? If yes, please list them.

No, the "InternalDebugger" is internal as the name suggests.

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[stale]

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[awaelchli]

Closing in favor of #9653