wasm-adapter: check storage_read return value and update to default_child_storage

[FlorianFranzen]

I noticed we actually do not check the value returned by ext_storage_read_version_1, this PR fixes that. As a result we also learned that each implementation kind of does their own thing, so before this can be merged upstream will have to fix their implementations. Because I had to update substrate to the latest version for the fix, I was also required updates to the new child storage API.

List of changes

• Check ext_storage_read return value in wasm-adapter (4c2b00f)
• Update kagome-adapter to new return value and latest kagome (for Fix storage read qdrvm/kagome#531)
• Update substrate-adapter to new return value and substrate used for polkadot v0.8.24 (for Fix storage::read paritytech/substrate#7084)
• Update spec that return value is "bytes left at offset" (4904861)
• Update ..._storage_child_... to ..._default_child_storage_... API
  • wasm-adapter (6889971)
  • substrate-adapter (a68d570)
  • host-api fixture (de311af)