Bluetooth LE: Add support for iBeacon

doc/scapy/layers/bluetooth.rst

@@ -443,11 +443,51 @@ __ https://github.com/google/eddystone/tree/master/eddystone-url
      'https://scapy.net').build_set_advertising_data())
 
 Once :ref:`advertising has been started <le-adv-start>`, the beacon may then be
-detected with the `Eddystone Validator`__ (Android):
+detected with `Eddystone Validator`__ or `Beacon Locator`__ (Android):
 
 .. image:: ../graphics/ble_eddystone_url.png
 
 __ https://github.com/google/eddystone/tree/master/tools/eddystone-validator
+__ https://github.com/vitas/beaconloc
+
+.. _adv-ibeacon:
+
+iBeacon
+^^^^^^^
+
+`iBeacon`__ is a proximity beacon protocol developed by Apple, which uses their
+manufacturer-specific data field.  :ref:`Apple/iBeacon framing <apple-ble>`
+(below) describes this in more detail.
+
+__ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBeacon
+
+This example sets up a virtual iBeacon:
+
+.. code-block:: python3
+
+   # Load the contrib module for iBeacon
+   load_contrib('ibeacon')
+
+   # Beacon data consists of a UUID, and two 16-bit integers: "major" and
+   # "minor".
+   #
+   # iBeacon sits ontop of Apple's BLE protocol.
+   p = Apple_BLE_Submessage()/IBeacon_Data(
+      uuid='fb0b57a2-8228-44cd-913a-94a122ba1206',
+      major=1, minor=2)
+
+   # build_set_advertising_data() wraps an Apple_BLE_Submessage or
+   # Apple_BLE_Frame into a HCI_Cmd_LE_Set_Advertising_Data payload, that can
+   # be sent to the BLE controller.
+   bt.sr(p.build_set_advertising_data())
+
+Once :ref:`advertising has been started <le-adv-start>`, the beacon may then be
+detected with `Beacon Locator`__ (Android):
+
+.. image:: ../graphics/ble_ibeacon.png
+
+__ https://github.com/vitas/beaconloc
+
 
 .. _le-adv-start:
 
@@ -495,3 +535,104 @@ __ https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/assigned-numbers/company-identifiers
 
 __ https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/assigned-numbers/generic-access-profile
 
+.. _apple-ble:
+
+Apple/iBeacon broadcast frames
+==============================
+
+.. note::
+
+    This describes the wire format for Apple's Bluetooth Low Energy
+    advertisements, based on (limited) publicly available information. It is not
+    specific to using Bluetooth on Apple operating systems.
+
+`iBeacon`__ is Apple's proximity beacon protocol. Scapy includes a contrib
+module, ``ibeacon``, for working with Apple's :abbr:`BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy)`
+broadcasts:
+
+__ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBeacon
+
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+   >>> load_contrib('ibeacon')
+
+:ref:`Setting up advertising for iBeacon <adv-ibeacon>` (above) describes how to
+broadcast a simple beacon.
+
+While this module is called ``ibeacon``, Apple has other "submessages" which are
+also advertised within their manufacturer-specific data field, including:
+
+ * `AirDrop`__
+ * AirPlay
+ * AirPods
+ * `Handoff`__
+ * Nearby
+
+__ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AirDrop
+__ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite#Continuity
+
+For compatibility with these other broadcasts, Apple BLE frames in Scapy are
+layered on top of ``Apple_BLE_Submessage`` and ``Apple_BLE_Frame``:
+
+ * ``HCI_Cmd_LE_Set_Advertising_Data``, ``HCI_LE_Meta_Advertising_Report``,
+   ``BTLE_ADV_IND``, ``BTLE_ADV_NONCONN_IND`` or ``BTLE_ADV_SCAN_IND`` contain
+   one or more...
+ * ``EIR_Hdr``, which may have a payload of one...
+ * ``EIR_Manufacturer_Specific_Data``, which may have a payload of one...
+ * ``Apple_BLE_Frame``, which contains one or more...
+ * ``Apple_BLE_Submessage``, which contains a payload of one...
+ * ``Raw`` (if not supported), or ``IBeacon_Data``.
+
+This module only presently supports ``IBeacon_Data`` submessages. Other
+submessages are decoded as ``Raw``.
+
+One might sometimes see multiple submessages in a single broadcast, such as
+Handoff and Nearby.  This is not mandatory -- there are also Handoff-only and
+Nearby-only broadcasts.
+
+Inspecting a raw BTLE advertisement frame from an Apple device:
+
+.. code-block:: python3
+
+    p = BTLE(hex_bytes('d6be898e4024320cfb574d5a02011a1aff4c000c0e009c6b8f40440f1583ec895148b410050318c0b525b8f7d4'))
+    p.show()
+
+Results in the output:
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+    ###[ BT4LE ]###
+      access_addr= 0x8e89bed6
+      crc= 0xb8f7d4
+    ###[ BTLE advertising header ]###
+         RxAdd= public
+         TxAdd= random
+         RFU= 0
+         PDU_type= ADV_IND
+         unused= 0
+         Length= 0x24
+    ###[ BTLE ADV_IND ]###
+            AdvA= 5a:4d:57:fb:0c:32
+            \data\
+             |###[ EIR Header ]###
+             |  len= 2
+             |  type= flags
+             |###[ Flags ]###
+             |     flags= general_disc_mode+simul_le_br_edr_ctrl+simul_le_br_edr_host
+             |###[ EIR Header ]###
+             |  len= 26
+             |  type= mfg_specific_data
+             |###[ EIR Manufacturer Specific Data ]###
+             |     company_id= 0x4c
+             |###[ Apple BLE broadcast frame ]###
+             |        \plist\
+             |         |###[ Apple BLE submessage ]###
+             |         |  subtype= handoff
+             |         |  len= 14
+             |         |###[ Raw ]###
+             |         |     load= '\x00\x9ck\x8f@D\x0f\x15\x83\xec\x89QH\xb4'
+             |         |###[ Apple BLE submessage ]###
+             |         |  subtype= nearby
+             |         |  len= 5
+             |         |###[ Raw ]###
+             |         |     load= '\x03\x18\xc0\xb5%'

scapy/contrib/ibeacon.py

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# -*- mode: python3; indent-tabs-mode: nil; tab-width: 4 -*-
+# ibeacon.py - protocol handlers for iBeacons and other Apple devices
+#
+# This file is part of Scapy
+# See http://www.secdev.org/projects/scapy for more information
+# Copyright (C) Michael Farrell <[email protected]>
+# This program is published under a GPLv2 (or later) license
+#
+# scapy.contrib.description = iBeacon BLE proximity beacon
+# scapy.contrib.status = loads
+"""
+scapy.contrib.ibeacon - Apple iBeacon Bluetooth LE proximity beacons.
+
+Packet format documentation can be found at at:
+
+* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBeacon#Packet_Structure_Byte_Map (public)
+* https://developer.apple.com/ibeacon/ (official, requires license)
+
+"""
+
+from scapy.fields import ByteEnumField, LenField, PacketListField, \
+    ShortField, SignedByteField, UUIDField
+from scapy.layers.bluetooth import EIR_Hdr, EIR_Manufacturer_Specific_Data, \
+    LowEnergyBeaconHelper
+from scapy.packet import bind_layers, Packet
+
+APPLE_MFG = 0x004c
+
+
+class Apple_BLE_Submessage(Packet, LowEnergyBeaconHelper):
+    """
+    A basic Apple submessage.
+    """
+
+    name = "Apple BLE submessage"
+    fields_desc = [
+        ByteEnumField("subtype", None, {
+            0x02: "ibeacon",
+            0x05: "airdrop",
+            0x07: "airpods",
+            0x09: "airplay_sink",
+            0x0a: "airplay_src",
+            0x0c: "handoff",
+            0x10: "nearby",
+        }),
+        LenField("len", None, fmt="B")
+    ]
+
+    def extract_padding(self, s):
+        # Needed to end each EIR_Element packet and make PacketListField work.
+        return s[:self.len], s[self.len:]
+
+    # These methods are here in case you only want to send 1 submessage.
+    # It creates an Apple_BLE_Frame to wrap your (single) Apple_BLE_Submessage.
+    def build_frame(self):
+        """Wraps this submessage in a Apple_BLE_Frame."""
+        return Apple_BLE_Frame(plist=[self])
+
+    def build_eir(self):
+        """See Apple_BLE_Frame.build_eir."""
+        return self.build_frame().build_eir()
+
+
+class Apple_BLE_Frame(Packet, LowEnergyBeaconHelper):
+    """
+    The wrapper for a BLE manufacturer-specific data advertisement from Apple
+    devices.
+
+    Each advertisement is composed of one or multiple submessages.
+
+    The length of this field comes from the EIR_Hdr.
+    """
+    name = "Apple BLE broadcast frame"
+    fields_desc = [
+        PacketListField("plist", None, Apple_BLE_Submessage)
+    ]
+
+    def build_eir(self):
+        """Builds a list of EIR messages to wrap this frame."""
+
+        return LowEnergyBeaconHelper.base_eir + [
+            EIR_Hdr() / EIR_Manufacturer_Specific_Data() / self
+        ]
+
+
+class IBeacon_Data(Packet):
+    """
+    iBeacon broadcast data frame. Composed on top of an Apple_BLE_Submessage.
+    """
+    name = "iBeacon data"
+    fields_desc = [
+        UUIDField("uuid", None, uuid_fmt=UUIDField.FORMAT_BE),
+        ShortField("major", None),
+        ShortField("minor", None),
+        SignedByteField("tx_power", None),
+    ]
+
+
+bind_layers(EIR_Manufacturer_Specific_Data, Apple_BLE_Frame,
+            company_id=APPLE_MFG)
+bind_layers(Apple_BLE_Submessage, IBeacon_Data, subtype=2)

scapy/contrib/ibeacon.uts

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+% iBeacon unit tests
+#
+# Type the following command to launch start the tests:
+# $ test/run_tests -P "load_contrib('ibeacon')" -t scapy/contrib/ibeacon.uts
+
++ iBeacon tests
+
+= Presence check
+
+Apple_BLE_Frame
+IBeacon_Data
+Apple_BLE_Submessage
+
+= Apple multiple submessages
+
+# Observed in the wild; handoff + nearby message.
+# Meaning unknown.
+d = hex_bytes('D6BE898E4024320CFB574D5A02011A1AFF4C000C0E009C6B8F40440F1583EC895148B410050318C0B525B8F7D4')
+p = BTLE(d)
+
+assert len(p[Apple_BLE_Frame].plist) == 2
+assert p[Apple_BLE_Frame].plist[0].subtype == 0x0c  # handoff
+assert (raw(p[Apple_BLE_Frame].plist[0].payload) ==
+            hex_bytes('009c6b8f40440f1583ec895148b4'))
+assert p[Apple_BLE_Frame].plist[1].subtype == 0x10  # nearby
+assert raw(p[Apple_BLE_Frame].plist[1].payload) == hex_bytes('0318c0b525')
+
+= iBeacon (decode LE Set Advertising Data)
+
+# from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBeacon#Technical_details
+d = hex_bytes('1E02011A1AFF4C000215FB0B57A2822844CD913A94A122BA120600010002D100')
+p = HCI_Cmd_LE_Set_Advertising_Data(d)
+
+assert len(p[Apple_BLE_Frame].plist) == 1
+assert p[IBeacon_Data].uuid == UUID("fb0b57a2-8228-44cd-913a-94a122ba1206")
+assert p[IBeacon_Data].major == 1
+assert p[IBeacon_Data].minor == 2
+assert p[IBeacon_Data].tx_power == -47
+
+d2 = raw(p)
+assert d == d2
+
+= iBeacon (encode LE Set Advertising Data)
+
+d = hex_bytes('1E0201021AFF4C000215FB0B57A2822844CD913A94A122BA120600010002D100')
+p = Apple_BLE_Submessage()/IBeacon_Data(
+   uuid='fb0b57a2-8228-44cd-913a-94a122ba1206',
+   major=1, minor=2, tx_power=-47)
+
+sap = p.build_set_advertising_data()[HCI_Cmd_LE_Set_Advertising_Data]
+assert d == raw(sap)
+
+pa = Apple_BLE_Frame(plist=[p])
+sapa = pa.build_set_advertising_data()[HCI_Cmd_LE_Set_Advertising_Data]
+assert d == raw(sapa)
+
+# Also try to build with Submessage directly
+sapa = p.build_set_advertising_data()[HCI_Cmd_LE_Set_Advertising_Data]
+assert d == raw(sapa)
+
+= iBeacon (decode advertising frame)
+
+# from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBeacon#Spoofing
+d = hex_bytes('043E2A02010001FCED16D4EED61E0201061AFF4C000215B9407F30F5F8466EAFF925556B57FE6DEDFCD416B6B4')
+p = HCI_Hdr(d)
+
+assert p[HCI_LE_Meta_Advertising_Report].addr == 'd6:ee:d4:16:ed:fc'
+assert len(p[Apple_BLE_Frame].plist) == 1
+assert p[IBeacon_Data].uuid == UUID('b9407f30-f5f8-466e-aff9-25556b57fe6d')
+