Polymake: Turn polymake applications into objects with directories

[mkoeppe]

Instead of requiring to switch polymake to another application,
allow to access the functions of an application as polymake.fan.normal_fan etc.

Compare with how the polymake julia interface does this.

CC: @simon-king-jena @jplab @dimpase

Component: packages: optional

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/27736

[embray]

comment:2

As the Sage-8.8 release milestone is pending, we should delete the sage-8.8 milestone for tickets that are not actively being worked on or that still require significant work to move forward. If you feel that this ticket should be included in the next Sage release at the soonest please set its milestone to the next release milestone (sage-8.9).

[mkoeppe]

comment:3

Moving some tickets to 9.2. This is not a promise that I will be working on them.

[mkoeppe]

comment:5

Setting new milestone based on a cursory review of ticket status, priority, and last modification date.