It's possible to have errors in files such as: library/std/src/collections/hash/map/tests.rs and library/alloc/tests/lib.rs, and have ./x.py check pass.
I would expect x.py check to be equivalent of cargo check --all and check every file that CI checks. Otherwise, I run x.py check, push code to a PR, and only find later that I have a typo or such.