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| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change | 
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| @@ -1,93 +1,72 @@ | ||
| # Substrate Node Template | ||
|  | ||
| [](https://docs.substrate.io/playground/) [](https://matrix.to/#/#substrate-technical:matrix.org) | ||
| A fresh [Substrate](https://substrate.io/) node, ready for hacking :rocket: | ||
|  | ||
| A fresh FRAME-based [Substrate](https://www.substrate.io/) node, ready for hacking :rocket: | ||
| A standalone version of this template is available for each release of Polkadot in the [Substrate Developer Hub Parachain Template](https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub/substrate-parachain-template/) repository. | ||
| The parachain template is generated directly at each Polkadot release branch form the [Node Template in Substreate](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/tree/master/bin/node-template) upstream | ||
|  | ||
| ## Getting Started | ||
|  | ||
| Follow the steps below to get started with the Node Template, or get it up and running right from | ||
| your browser in just a few clicks using | ||
| the [Substrate Playground](https://docs.substrate.io/playground/) :hammer_and_wrench: | ||
|  | ||
| ### Using Nix | ||
|  | ||
| Install [nix](https://nixos.org/) and optionally [direnv](https://github.com/direnv/direnv) and | ||
| [lorri](https://github.com/nix-community/lorri) for a fully plug and play experience for setting up | ||
| the development environment. To get all the correct dependencies activate direnv `direnv allow` and | ||
| lorri `lorri shell`. | ||
|  | ||
| ### Rust Setup | ||
| It is usually best to to use the stand-alone version to start a new project. | ||
| All bugs, suggestions, and feature requests should be made upstream in the [Substrate](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/tree/master/bin/node-template) repository. | ||
|  | ||
| First, complete the [basic Rust setup instructions](./docs/rust-setup.md). | ||
|  | ||
| ### Run | ||
| ## Getting Started | ||
|  | ||
| Use Rust's native `cargo` command to build and launch the template node: | ||
|  | ||
| ```sh | ||
| cargo run --release -- --dev | ||
| ``` | ||
| Depending on your operating system and Rust version, there might be additional packages required to compile this template. | ||
| Check the [Install](https://docs.substrate.io/install/) instructions for your platform for the most common dependencies. | ||
| Alternatively, you can use one of the [alternative installation](#alternatives-installations) options. | ||
|  | ||
| ### Build | ||
|  | ||
| The `cargo run` command will perform an initial build. Use the following command to build the node | ||
| without launching it: | ||
| Use the following command to build the node without launching it: | ||
|  | ||
| ```sh | ||
| cargo build --release | ||
| ``` | ||
|  | ||
| ### Embedded Docs | ||
|  | ||
| Once the project has been built, the following command can be used to explore all parameters and | ||
| subcommands: | ||
| After you build the project, you can use the following command to explore its parameters and subcommands: | ||
|  | ||
| ```sh | ||
| ./target/release/node-template -h | ||
|         
                  nuke-web3 marked this conversation as resolved.
              Show resolved
            Hide resolved | ||
| ``` | ||
|  | ||
| ## Run | ||
| You can generate and view the [Rust Docs](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-doc.html) for this template with this command: | ||
|  | ||
| The provided `cargo run` command will launch a temporary node and its state will be discarded after | ||
| you terminate the process. After the project has been built, there are other ways to launch the | ||
| node. | ||
| ```sh | ||
| cargo +nightly doc --open | ||
| ``` | ||
|  | ||
| ### Single-Node Development Chain | ||
|  | ||
| This command will start the single-node development chain with non-persistent state: | ||
| The following command starts a single-node development chain that doesn't persist state: | ||
|  | ||
| ```bash | ||
| ```sh | ||
| ./target/release/node-template --dev | ||
| ``` | ||
|  | ||
| Purge the development chain's state: | ||
| To purge the development chain's state, run the following command: | ||
|  | ||
| ```bash | ||
| ```sh | ||
| ./target/release/node-template purge-chain --dev | ||
| ``` | ||
|  | ||
| Start the development chain with detailed logging: | ||
| To start the development chain with detailed logging, run the following command: | ||
|  | ||
| ```bash | ||
| ```sh | ||
| RUST_BACKTRACE=1 ./target/release/node-template -ldebug --dev | ||
| ``` | ||
|  | ||
| > Development chain means that the state of our chain will be in a tmp folder while the nodes are | ||
| > running. Also, **alice** account will be authority and sudo account as declared in the | ||
| > [genesis state](https://github.com/substrate-developer-hub/substrate-node-template/blob/main/node/src/chain_spec.rs#L49). | ||
| > At the same time the following accounts will be pre-funded: | ||
| > - Alice | ||
| > - Bob | ||
| > - Alice//stash | ||
| > - Bob//stash | ||
|  | ||
| In case of being interested in maintaining the chain' state between runs a base path must be added | ||
| so the db can be stored in the provided folder instead of a temporal one. We could use this folder | ||
| to store different chain databases, as a different folder will be created per different chain that | ||
| is ran. The following commands shows how to use a newly created folder as our db base path. | ||
|  | ||
| ```bash | ||
| Development chains: | ||
|  | ||
| - Maintain state in a `tmp` folder while the node is running. | ||
| - Use the **Alice** and **Bob** accounts as default validator authorities. | ||
| - Use the **Alice** account as the default `sudo` account. | ||
| - Are preconfigured with a genesis state (`/node/src/chain_spec.rs`) that includes several prefunded development accounts. | ||
|  | ||
|  | ||
| To persist chain state between runs, specify a base path by running a command similar to the following: | ||
|  | ||
| ```sh | ||
| // Create a folder to use as the db base path | ||
| $ mkdir my-chain-state | ||
|  | ||
|  | @@ -103,23 +82,19 @@ $ ls ./my-chain-state/chains/dev | |
| db keystore network | ||
| ``` | ||
|  | ||
| ### Connect with Polkadot-JS Apps Front-End | ||
|  | ||
| ### Connect with Polkadot-JS Apps Front-end | ||
|  | ||
| Once the node template is running locally, you can connect it with **Polkadot-JS Apps** front-end | ||
| to interact with your chain. [Click | ||
| here](https://polkadot.js.org/apps/#/explorer?rpc=ws://localhost:9944) connecting the Apps to your | ||
| local node template. | ||
| After you start the node template locally, you can interact with it using the hosted version of the [Polkadot/Substrate Portal](https://polkadot.js.org/apps/#/explorer?rpc=ws://localhost:9944) front-end by connecting to the local node endpoint. | ||
| A hosted version is also available on [IPFS (redirect) here](https://dotapps.io/) or [IPNS (direct) here](ipns://dotapps.io/?rpc=ws%3A%2F%2F127.0.0.1%3A9944#/explorer). | ||
| You can also find the source code and instructions for hosting your own instance on the [polkadot-js/apps](https://github.com/polkadot-js/apps) repository. | ||
|  | ||
| ### Multi-Node Local Testnet | ||
|  | ||
| If you want to see the multi-node consensus algorithm in action, refer to our | ||
| [Simulate a network tutorial](https://docs.substrate.io/tutorials/get-started/simulate-network/). | ||
| If you want to see the multi-node consensus algorithm in action, see [Simulate a network](https://docs.substrate.io/tutorials/get-started/simulate-network/). | ||
|  | ||
| ## Template Structure | ||
|  | ||
| A Substrate project such as this consists of a number of components that are spread across a few | ||
| directories. | ||
| A Substrate project such as this consists of a number of components that are spread across a few directories. | ||
|  | ||
| ### Node | ||
|  | ||
|  | @@ -128,98 +103,74 @@ Substrate-based blockchain nodes expose a number of capabilities: | |
|  | ||
| - Networking: Substrate nodes use the [`libp2p`](https://libp2p.io/) networking stack to allow the | ||
| nodes in the network to communicate with one another. | ||
| - Consensus: Blockchains must have a way to come to | ||
| [consensus](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/fundamentals/consensus/) on the state of the | ||
| network. Substrate makes it possible to supply custom consensus engines and also ships with | ||
| several consensus mechanisms that have been built on top of | ||
| [Web3 Foundation research](https://research.web3.foundation/en/latest/polkadot/NPoS/index.html). | ||
| - Consensus: Blockchains must have a way to come to [consensus](https://docs.substrate.io/fundamentals/consensus/) on the state of the network. | ||
| Substrate makes it possible to supply custom consensus engines and also ships with several consensus mechanisms that have been built on top of [Web3 Foundation research](https://research.web3.foundation/en/latest/polkadot/NPoS/index.html). | ||
| - RPC Server: A remote procedure call (RPC) server is used to interact with Substrate nodes. | ||
|  | ||
| There are several files in the `node` directory - take special note of the following: | ||
|  | ||
| - [`chain_spec.rs`](./node/src/chain_spec.rs): A | ||
| [chain specification](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/build/chain-spec/) is a | ||
| source code file that defines a Substrate chain's initial (genesis) state. Chain specifications | ||
| are useful for development and testing, and critical when architecting the launch of a | ||
| production chain. Take note of the `development_config` and `testnet_genesis` functions, which | ||
| are used to define the genesis state for the local development chain configuration. These | ||
| functions identify some | ||
| [well-known accounts](https://docs.substrate.io/reference/command-line-tools/subkey/) | ||
| and use them to configure the blockchain's initial state. | ||
| - [`service.rs`](./node/src/service.rs): This file defines the node implementation. Take note of | ||
| the libraries that this file imports and the names of the functions it invokes. In particular, | ||
| there are references to consensus-related topics, such as the | ||
| [block finalization and forks](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/fundamentals/consensus/#finalization-and-forks) | ||
| and other [consensus mechanisms](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/fundamentals/consensus/#default-consensus-models) | ||
| such as Aura for block authoring and GRANDPA for finality. | ||
|  | ||
| After the node has been [built](#build), refer to the embedded documentation to learn more about the | ||
| capabilities and configuration parameters that it exposes: | ||
|  | ||
| ```shell | ||
| ./target/release/node-template --help | ||
| ``` | ||
| There are several files in the `node` directory. | ||
| Take special note of the following: | ||
|  | ||
| - [`chain_spec.rs`](./node/src/chain_spec.rs): A [chain specification](https://docs.substrate.io/build/chain-spec/) is a source code file that defines a Substrate chain's initial (genesis) state. | ||
| Chain specifications are useful for development and testing, and critical when architecting the launch of a production chain. | ||
| Take note of the `development_config` and `testnet_genesis` functions,. | ||
| These functions are used to define the genesis state for the local development chain configuration. | ||
| These functions identify some [well-known accounts](https://docs.substrate.io/reference/command-line-tools/subkey/) and use them to configure the blockchain's initial state. | ||
| - [`service.rs`](./node/src/service.rs): This file defines the node implementation. | ||
| Take note of the libraries that this file imports and the names of the functions it invokes. | ||
| In particular, there are references to consensus-related topics, such as the [block finalization and forks](https://docs.substrate.io/fundamentals/consensus/#finalization-and-forks) and other [consensus mechanisms](https://docs.substrate.io/fundamentals/consensus/#default-consensus-models) such as Aura for block authoring and GRANDPA for finality. | ||
|  | ||
|  | ||
|  | ||
| ### Runtime | ||
|  | ||
| In Substrate, the terms | ||
| "runtime" and "state transition function" | ||
| are analogous - they refer to the core logic of the blockchain that is responsible for validating | ||
| blocks and executing the state changes they define. The Substrate project in this repository uses | ||
| [FRAME](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/fundamentals/runtime-intro/#frame) to construct a | ||
| blockchain runtime. FRAME allows runtime developers to declare domain-specific logic in modules | ||
| called "pallets". At the heart of FRAME is a helpful | ||
| [macro language](https://docs.substrate.io/reference/frame-macros/) that makes it easy to | ||
| create pallets and flexibly compose them to create blockchains that can address | ||
| [a variety of needs](https://substrate.io/ecosystem/projects/). | ||
|  | ||
| Review the [FRAME runtime implementation](./runtime/src/lib.rs) included in this template and note | ||
| the following: | ||
|  | ||
| - This file configures several pallets to include in the runtime. Each pallet configuration is | ||
| defined by a code block that begins with `impl $PALLET_NAME::Config for Runtime`. | ||
| - The pallets are composed into a single runtime by way of the | ||
| [`construct_runtime!`](https://crates.parity.io/frame_support/macro.construct_runtime.html) | ||
| macro, which is part of the core | ||
| FRAME Support [system](https://docs.substrate.io/reference/frame-pallets/#system-pallets) library. | ||
| In Substrate, the terms "runtime" and "state transition function" are analogous. | ||
| Both terms refer to the core logic of the blockchain that is responsible for validating blocks and executing the state changes they define. | ||
| The Substrate project in this repository uses [FRAME](https://docs.substrate.io/fundamentals/runtime-development/#frame) to construct a blockchain runtime. | ||
| FRAME allows runtime developers to declare domain-specific logic in modules called "pallets". | ||
| At the heart of FRAME is a helpful [macro language](https://docs.substrate.io/reference/frame-macros/) that makes it easy to create pallets and flexibly compose them to create blockchains that can address [a variety of needs](https://substrate.io/ecosystem/projects/). | ||
|  | ||
| Review the [FRAME runtime implementation](./runtime/src/lib.rs) included in this template and note the following: | ||
|  | ||
| - This file configures several pallets to include in the runtime. | ||
| Each pallet configuration is defined by a code block that begins with `impl $PALLET_NAME::Config for Runtime`. | ||
| - The pallets are composed into a single runtime by way of the [`construct_runtime!`](https://crates.parity.io/frame_support/macro.construct_runtime.html) macro, which is part of the core FRAME Support [system](https://docs.substrate.io/reference/frame-pallets/#system-pallets) library. | ||
|  | ||
| ### Pallets | ||
|  | ||
| The runtime in this project is constructed using many FRAME pallets that ship with the | ||
| [core Substrate repository](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/tree/master/frame) and a | ||
| template pallet that is [defined in the `pallets`](./pallets/template/src/lib.rs) directory. | ||
| The runtime in this project is constructed using many FRAME pallets that ship with the [core Substrate repository](https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/tree/master/frame) and a template pallet that is [defined in the `pallets`](./pallets/template/src/lib.rs) directory. | ||
|  | ||
| A FRAME pallet is compromised of a number of blockchain primitives: | ||
|  | ||
| - Storage: FRAME defines a rich set of powerful | ||
| [storage abstractions](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/build/runtime-storage/) that makes | ||
| it easy to use Substrate's efficient key-value database to manage the evolving state of a | ||
| blockchain. | ||
| - Dispatchables: FRAME pallets define special types of functions that can be invoked (dispatched) | ||
| from outside of the runtime in order to update its state. | ||
| - Events: Substrate uses [events and errors](https://docs.substrate.io/main-docs/build/events-errors/) | ||
| to notify users of important changes in the runtime. | ||
| - Storage: FRAME defines a rich set of powerful [storage abstractions](https://docs.substrate.io/build/runtime-storage/) that makes it easy to use Substrate's efficient key-value database to manage the evolving state of a blockchain. | ||
| - Dispatchables: FRAME pallets define special types of functions that can be invoked (dispatched) from outside of the runtime in order to update its state. | ||
| - Events: Substrate uses [events and errors](https://docs.substrate.io/build/events-and-errors/) to notify users of important changes in the runtime. | ||
| - Errors: When a dispatchable fails, it returns an error. | ||
| - Config: The `Config` configuration interface is used to define the types and parameters upon | ||
| which a FRAME pallet depends. | ||
| - Config: The `Config` configuration interface is used to define the types and parameters upon which a FRAME pallet depends. | ||
|  | ||
| ## Alternatives Installations | ||
|  | ||
| Instead of installing dependencies and building this source directly, consider the following alternatives. | ||
|  | ||
| ### Run in Docker | ||
| ### Nix | ||
|  | ||
| First, install [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) and | ||
| [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/). | ||
| Install [nix](https://nixos.org/), and optionally [direnv](https://github.com/direnv/direnv) and [lorri](https://github.com/nix-community/lorri) for a fully plug-and-play experience for setting up the development environment. | ||
| To get all the correct dependencies, activate direnv `direnv allow` and lorri `lorri shell`. | ||
|  | ||
| ### Docker | ||
|  | ||
| First, install [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) and [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/). | ||
|  | ||
| Then run the following command to start a single node development chain. | ||
|  | ||
| ```bash | ||
| ```sh | ||
| ./scripts/docker_run.sh | ||
| There was a problem hiding this comment. Choose a reason for hiding this commentThe reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more. if i run clone the substrate repo, and check out this branch 'ds/template-readme', and then as root user i run  if i then run  so to change its permissions to 755 i think we should run  | ||
| ``` | ||
|  | ||
| This command will firstly compile your code, and then start a local development network. You can | ||
| also replace the default command | ||
| (`cargo build --release && ./target/release/node-template --dev --ws-external`) | ||
| by appending your own. A few useful ones are as follow. | ||
| This command compiles the code and starts a local development network. | ||
| You can also replace the default command (`cargo build --release && ./target/release/node-template --dev --ws-external`) by appending your own. | ||
| For example: | ||
|  | ||
| ```bash | ||
| ```sh | ||
| # Run Substrate node without re-compiling | ||
| ./scripts/docker_run.sh ./target/release/node-template --dev --ws-external | ||
|  | ||
|  | ||
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