8315585: Optimization for decimal to string #16006

wenshao · 2023-10-02T05:40:03Z

I submitted PR #15555 before, and there were too many changes. I split it into multiple PRs with small changes. This one is one of them.

this PR removed the duplicate code for getChars in BigDecimal#StringBuilderHelper, i also make performance faster.
Please review and don't hesitate to critique my approach and patch.

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Issue

JDK-8315585: Optimization for decimal to string (Enhancement - P4)

Reviewers

Claes Redestad (@cl4es - Reviewer) ⚠️ Review applies to 9dda9f70

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bridgekeeper · 2023-10-02T05:41:19Z

👋 Welcome back wenshao! A progress list of the required criteria for merging this PR into master will be added to the body of your pull request. There are additional pull request commands available for use with this pull request.

openjdk · 2023-10-02T05:47:00Z

@wenshao The following labels will be automatically applied to this pull request:

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When this pull request is ready to be reviewed, an "RFR" email will be sent to the corresponding mailing lists. If you would like to change these labels, use the /label pull request command.

wenshao · 2023-10-02T05:51:29Z

/label remove security

openjdk · 2023-10-02T05:52:43Z

@wenshao
The security label was successfully removed.

wenshao · 2023-10-02T05:54:09Z

@jddarcy, could you please review my code? Thank you!

wenshao · 2023-10-04T23:07:31Z

@cl4es could you please review my code? Thank you!

mlbridge · 2023-10-04T23:11:26Z

Webrevs

src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/BigDecimal.java

wenshao · 2023-10-09T20:21:06Z

Based on @liach 's review suggestions, I reduced the changes to JavaLangAccess and further removed the duplicate code in BigDecimal.

cl4es

I'm not really qualified to review the floating point code. Simplifying away offset and getting rid of the StringBuilderHelper all seem like good improvements, though I think it'd be good if we could either avoid or split out the JLA changes.

src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/System.java

cl4es · 2023-10-11T09:48:58Z

src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/BigDecimal.java

-            return (Integer.toString(highInt) + '.' +
-                    StringBuilderHelper.DIGIT_TENS[lowInt] +
-                    StringBuilderHelper.DIGIT_ONES[lowInt]) ;
+            int highIntSize = JLA.stringSize(highInt);


Which micros cover performance of this branch?

What performance would you get if you simplified this to, say, return highInt + (lowInt < 10 ? ".0" : ".") + lowInt;?

lowInt is currently unused since you use (int) intCompact - highInt * 100 instead below. (While a clever optimization in theory, I believe the JIT should handle a pair of integer modulo and division operations (a = intValue % 100; b = intValue / 100) so that it only has to do one division, so please measure that whatever you do here has a significant benefit).

Performance numbers run on MacBook M1 Max:

-Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units -BigDecimals.testHugeToEngineeringString avgt 15 217.619 ? 4.617 ns/op -BigDecimals.testLargeToEngineeringString avgt 15 65.183 ? 4.368 ns/op -BigDecimals.testSmallToEngineeringString avgt 15 17.084 ? 0.056 ns/op -BigDecimals.testToEngineeringString avgt 15 1856.849 ? 63.571 ns/op +Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units (eec631c) +BigDecimals.testHugeToEngineeringString avgt 15 164.910 ? 1.514 ns/op (+31.97) +BigDecimals.testLargeToEngineeringString avgt 15 20.826 ? 0.066 ns/op (+212.99) +BigDecimals.testSmallToEngineeringString avgt 15 11.987 ? 0.080 ns/op (+42.53) +BigDecimals.testToEngineeringString avgt 15 1854.372 ? 63.810 ns/op (+0.14)

The microben covered by fast-path is BigDecimals.testSmallToEngineeringString, highInt + (lowInt < 10 ? ".0" : ".") + lowInt is actually implemented based on StringBuilder and will be much slower than the current baseline.

Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units (use StringConcat) BigDecimals.testSmallToEngineeringString avgt 15 41.876 ? 0.182 ns/op

I tested it again and found that the remainder is not slow. This was my wrong impression. I have changed it according to your suggestion.

wenshao · 2023-10-11T22:19:29Z

I'm not really qualified to review the floating point code. Simplifying away offset and getting rid of the StringBuilderHelper all seem like good improvements, though I think it'd be good if we could either avoid or split out the JLA changes.

Keep the duplicate code of StringConcatHelper, or use JLA, or move the code of getCharsLatin1 & stringSize to DecimalDigits (PR #15699). Of the three options, using JLA is the smallest change.

cl4es · 2023-10-12T19:29:20Z

Keep the duplicate code of StringConcatHelper, or use JLA, or move the code of getCharsLatin1 & stringSize to DecimalDigits (PR #15699). Of the three options, using JLA is the smallest change.

Adding methods to JLA also adds a maintenance burden by exposing methods and internal details that we prefer not to expose.

Explicit String concat performs poorly mainly since ISC is disabled for the java.base module. We could, however, explicitly invoke the StringConcatFactory and pull out the resulting MethodHandle:

diff --git a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/BigDecimal.java b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/BigDecimal.java
index 3163b2ffadb..b4edbb131d9 100644
--- a/src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/BigDecimal.java
+++ b/src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/BigDecimal.java
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@
 package java.math;
 
 import static java.math.BigInteger.LONG_MASK;
+
+import java.lang.invoke.CallSite;
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
+import java.lang.invoke.MethodType;
+import java.lang.invoke.StringConcatFactory;
 import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -4146,6 +4152,23 @@ public BigDecimal ulp() {
         return BigDecimal.valueOf(1, this.scale(), 1);
     }
 
+    private static class ConcatHelper {
+        private static final MethodHandle INT_DOT_CHAR_CHAR;
+
+        static {
+            try {
+                CallSite site = StringConcatFactory.makeConcatWithConstants(
+                        MethodHandles.lookup(),
+                        "scale2",
+                        MethodType.methodType(String.class, int.class, char.class, char.class),
+                        "\u0001.\u0001\u0001");
+                INT_DOT_CHAR_CHAR = site.dynamicInvoker();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new Error("Bootstrap error", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Lay out this {@code BigDecimal} into a {@code char[]} array.
      * The Java 1.2 equivalent to this was called {@code getValueString}.
@@ -4164,18 +4187,12 @@ private String layoutChars(boolean sci) {
             intCompact >= 0 && intCompact < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
             // currency fast path
             int highInt = (int)intCompact / 100;
-            int highIntSize = JLA.stringSize(highInt);
-            byte[] buf = new byte[highIntSize + 3];
-            JLA.getCharsLatin1(highInt, highIntSize, buf);
-            buf[highIntSize] = '.';
-            DecimalDigits.writeDigitPairLatin1(
-                    buf,
-                    highIntSize + 1,
-                    (int) intCompact % 100);
+            int lowInt = (int)intCompact - highInt * 100;
+            char pair = (char)DecimalDigits.digitPair(lowInt);
             try {
-                return JLA.newStringNoRepl(buf, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
-            } catch (CharacterCodingException e) {
-                throw new AssertionError(e);
+                return (String)ConcatHelper.INT_DOT_CHAR_CHAR.invokeExact(highInt, (char)(pair & 0xff), (char)(pair >> 8));
+            } catch (Throwable e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
             }
         }

This is equivalent to return "" + highInt + '.' + (char)(pair & 0xff) + (char)(pair >> 8); (if BigDecimal.java would have been compiled without -XDstringConcat=inline) and produces code that is as fast or even slightly faster in my tests:

Name                                     Cnt     Base   Error      Test    Error   Unit  Change
BigDecimals.testSmallToEngineeringString  15   11,703 ± 0,017    10,667 ±  0,058  ns/op   1,10x (p = 0,000*)
  :gc.alloc.rate                             4530,180 ± 6,688  4970,132 ± 26,973 MB/sec   1,10x (p = 0,000*)
  :gc.alloc.rate.norm                          55,600 ± 0,000    55,600 ±  0,000   B/op   1,00x (p = 0,000 )
  :gc.count                                   228,000           226,000          counts
  :gc.time                                    131,000           130,000              ms
  * = significant

cl4es · 2023-10-12T19:45:15Z

Yes, explicitly calling into StringConcatFactory and invoking MHs is cumbersome. Just putting it out there as an alternative that works based on current public API.

It might also be possible to evolve the decision to compile all of java.base with -XDstringConcat=inline to instead only do that for a subset of the most core classes. We could then just do return "" + highInt + '.' + (char)(pair & 0xff) + (char)(pair >> 8); and get the same performance.

cl4es · 2023-10-13T12:20:57Z

/reviewers 2 reviewer

openjdk · 2023-10-13T12:22:21Z

@cl4es
The total number of required reviews for this PR (including the jcheck configuration and the last /reviewers command) is now set to 2 (with at least 2 Reviewers).

cl4es

Thanks for simplifying. It seems that even regular StringBuilder-based concat gives numbers that are competitive with the baseline this way. I'll file an RFE to examine if we can enable ISC for this.

I've requested another reviewer for this, since I don't have the sufficient floating point domain expertise to review these changes alone.

cl4es · 2023-10-19T11:58:26Z

In addition to #16244, will you submit a PR for this?

Once both #16244 and this has been integrated I want to revisit this. The effect of changing getBytes(byte[], int, byte) might have disappeared with #16244 since it better guarantees the JIT will constant fold the prefixes thoroughly. We've observed related issues with System.arraycopy, however, see https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8295496 - so I want to evaluate a few different options here, time allowing.

…string_x1

wenshao · 2023-10-21T11:56:57Z

@cl4es I found that StringConcatFactory.makeConcatWithConstants will become slower when using recipe("\1.\1", long.class, long.class). If we treat the prefix of length 1 as char, it will become faster.

In this branch https://github.com/wenshao/jdk/tree/optim_decimal_to_string_x2 , if we remove the code that treats the prefix of length 1 as char in the preparer(String prefix, Class<?> cl) method, it will become slower.

package java.lang.invoke;

class StringConcatFactory {
    static MethodHandle prepender(String prefix, Class<?> cl) {
        if (prefix == null || prefix.isEmpty()) {
            return noPrefixPrepender(cl);
        } else {
            // remove this will slower
            if (prefix.length() == 1
                    && (cl == char.class || cl == int.class || cl == long.class)) {
                char ch = prefix.charAt(0);
                MethodHandle prepend = JLA.stringConcatHelper(
                        "prepend",
                        methodType(long.class, long.class, byte[].class, cl, char.class)).rebind();
                return MethodHandles.insertArguments(prepend, 3, ch);
            }

            return MethodHandles.insertArguments(
                    prepender(cl), 3, prefix);
        }
    }
}

Here are the performance numbers running on the MaxBook M1 Max:

-Benchmark                             Mode  Cnt   Score   Error  Units (String prefix)
-BigDecimals.smallScale3ToPlainString  avgt   15  28.898 ? 0.527  ns/op

+Benchmark                             Mode  Cnt   Score   Error  Units (char prefix)
+BigDecimals.smallScale3ToPlainString  avgt   15  23.182 ? 0.477  ns/op

Maybe you should submit another PR to improve StringConcatFactory.makeConcatWithConstants

wenshao · 2023-10-22T05:57:11Z

@rgiulietti It is currently a stable version, please help me start the review.

Here are the performance numbers running on the MaxBook M1 Pro:

-Benchmark                                   Mode  Cnt    Score   Error  Units (baseline)
-BigDecimals.hugeEngineeringToString         avgt   15  199.683 ? 7.457  ns/op
-BigDecimals.hugeLayoutCharsToString         avgt   15  205.366 ? 2.673  ns/op
-BigDecimals.hugePlainToString               avgt   15  219.066 ? 3.334  ns/op
-BigDecimals.largeScale2EngineeringToString  avgt   15   55.303 ? 0.606  ns/op
-BigDecimals.largeScale2LayoutCharsToString  avgt   15   55.284 ? 0.512  ns/op
-BigDecimals.largeScale2PlainToString        avgt   15   22.836 ? 0.128  ns/op
-BigDecimals.largeScale3EngineeringToString  avgt   15   57.332 ? 0.851  ns/op
-BigDecimals.largeScale3LayoutCharsToString  avgt   15   57.535 ? 1.221  ns/op
-BigDecimals.largeScale3PlainToString        avgt   15   23.967 ? 0.055  ns/op
-BigDecimals.smallScale2EngineeringToString  avgt   15   17.063 ? 0.444  ns/op
-BigDecimals.smallScale2LayoutCharsToString  avgt   15   16.999 ? 0.072  ns/op
-BigDecimals.smallScale2PlainToString        avgt   15   24.069 ? 0.511  ns/op
-BigDecimals.smallScale3EngineeringToString  avgt   15   53.697 ? 0.872  ns/op
-BigDecimals.smallScale3LayoutCharsToString  avgt   15   53.754 ? 1.990  ns/op
-BigDecimals.smallScale3PlainToString        avgt   15   24.596 ? 0.100  ns/op

+Benchmark                                   Mode  Cnt    Score   Error  Units (51b1041)
+BigDecimals.hugeEngineeringToString         avgt   15  194.288 ? 7.294  ns/op (+2.78)
+BigDecimals.hugeLayoutCharsToString         avgt   15  192.121 ? 2.079  ns/op (+6.90)
+BigDecimals.hugePlainToString               avgt   15  201.692 ? 4.527  ns/op (+8.62)
+BigDecimals.largeScale2EngineeringToString  avgt   15   20.128 ? 0.266  ns/op (+174.76)
+BigDecimals.largeScale2LayoutCharsToString  avgt   15   20.681 ? 0.508  ns/op (+167.32)
+BigDecimals.largeScale2PlainToString        avgt   15   19.950 ? 0.273  ns/op (+14.47)
+BigDecimals.largeScale3EngineeringToString  avgt   15   23.564 ? 0.542  ns/op (+143.31)
+BigDecimals.largeScale3LayoutCharsToString  avgt   15   23.424 ? 0.057  ns/op (+145.63)
+BigDecimals.largeScale3PlainToString        avgt   15   22.991 ? 0.048  ns/op (+4.25)
+BigDecimals.smallScale2EngineeringToString  avgt   15   11.641 ? 0.181  ns/op (+46.58)
+BigDecimals.smallScale2LayoutCharsToString  avgt   15   11.589 ? 0.031  ns/op (+46.69)
+BigDecimals.smallScale2PlainToString        avgt   15   11.594 ? 0.032  ns/op (+107.60)
+BigDecimals.smallScale3EngineeringToString  avgt   15   24.684 ? 0.313  ns/op (+117.54)
+BigDecimals.smallScale3LayoutCharsToString  avgt   15   25.058 ? 0.151  ns/op (+114.52)
+BigDecimals.smallScale3PlainToString        avgt   15   24.194 ? 0.217  ns/op (+1.67)

wenshao · 2023-10-23T11:50:02Z

@cl4es @rgiulietti

Can I add scale2 method to StringLatin1? Like this:

package java.lang;

class StringLatin1 {
    static String scale2(long value) {
        long valueAbs = Math.abs(value);
        long highInt = valueAbs / 100;
        byte[] buf = new byte[Long.stringSize(highInt) + (value < 0 ? 4 : 3)];
        int p = buf.length - 2;
        writeDigitPair(buf, p, (int) (valueAbs % 100));
        buf[--p] = '.';
        getChars(highInt, p, buf);
        if (value < 0) {
            buf[0] = '-';
        }
        if (String.COMPACT_STRINGS) {
            return new String(buf, LATIN1);
        }
        return new String(inflate(buf, 0, buf.length), UTF16);
    }
}

class System {
	private static void setJavaLangAccess() {
		SharedSecrets.setJavaLangAccess(new JavaLangAccess() {
		    public String scale2(long i) {
                        return StringLatin1.scale2(i);
                    }
	        }
	}
}

I think this is more readable than using MethodHandle.

cl4es · 2023-10-23T19:22:03Z

Can I add scale2 method to StringLatin1?

I'd strongly advice against this.

I think this is more readable than using MethodHandle.

View the MethodHandles you add to use StringConcatFactory here as a temporary workaround before the code can be simplified to just regular string concatenation.

…string_x1 # Conflicts: # src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/BigDecimal.java

bridgekeeper · 2023-12-08T11:34:11Z

@wenshao This pull request has been inactive for more than 4 weeks and will be automatically closed if another 4 weeks passes without any activity. To avoid this, simply add a new comment to the pull request. Feel free to ask for assistance if you need help with progressing this pull request towards integration!

…string_x1

bridgekeeper · 2024-01-18T14:00:52Z

@wenshao This pull request has been inactive for more than 8 weeks and will now be automatically closed. If you would like to continue working on this pull request in the future, feel free to reopen it! This can be done using the /open pull request command.

…string_x1

wenshao · 2024-01-21T13:33:37Z

/open

openjdk · 2024-01-21T13:34:47Z

@wenshao This pull request is now open

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@wenshao This pull request has been inactive for more than 4 weeks and will be automatically closed if another 4 weeks passes without any activity. To avoid this, simply add a new comment to the pull request. Feel free to ask for assistance if you need help with progressing this pull request towards integration!

openjdk · 2024-03-13T20:19:16Z

❗ This change is not yet ready to be integrated.
See the Progress checklist in the description for automated requirements.

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@wenshao This pull request has been inactive for more than 4 weeks and will be automatically closed if another 4 weeks passes without any activity. To avoid this, simply add a new comment to the pull request. Feel free to ask for assistance if you need help with progressing this pull request towards integration!

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@wenshao This pull request has been inactive for more than 8 weeks and will now be automatically closed. If you would like to continue working on this pull request in the future, feel free to reopen it! This can be done using the /open pull request command.

optimize BigDecimal.toString

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wenshao changed the title ~~Optimization for BigDecimal toString~~ Optimization for decimal to string Oct 2, 2023

openjdk bot added security [email protected] core-libs [email protected] labels Oct 2, 2023

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wenshao mentioned this pull request Oct 3, 2023

求Review JDK PR liachmodded/talk#20

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wenshao changed the title ~~Optimization for decimal to string~~ 8315585: Optimization for decimal to string Oct 4, 2023

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8315585: Optimization for decimal to string #15555

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refactor based on @liach 's review

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wenshao added 2 commits October 12, 2023 05:19

fix from @cl4es 's review

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fix from @cl4es 's review

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wenshao added 2 commits October 13, 2023 05:43

refactor based on @cl4es 's review

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use % calculate lowInt

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wenshao added 2 commits October 19, 2023 20:49

remove JLA

a17a106

Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into optim_decimal_to_…

d5cbd7e

…string_x1

reduce duplicate code & code format & refactor benchmark case

51b1041

wenshao added 2 commits October 22, 2023 15:41

update copyright info & comments

a3c2078

use JLA

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wenshao added 3 commits November 9, 2023 09:00

Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into optim_decimal_to_…

6c5535d

…string_x1 # Conflicts: # src/java.base/share/classes/java/math/BigDecimal.java

merge from master

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revert use JLA

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wenshao added 2 commits December 21, 2023 16:34

Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into optim_decimal_to_…

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…string_x1

Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into optim_decimal_to_…

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…string_x1

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…string_x1

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wenshao mentioned this pull request Oct 20, 2024

8342650: Move getChars to DecimalDigits #21593

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8315585: Optimization for decimal to string #22009

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8315585: Optimization for decimal to string #23310

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8315585: Optimization for decimal to string #16006

8315585: Optimization for decimal to string #16006

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