Add Ceil, Floor, Log, Round, Sqrt, Not, Equal, Less, Greater layers

[rogday]

Merge with extra: opencv/opencv_extra#921

Rebase @ashishkrshrivastava's PR to master, add CUDA support.

opencv_extra=simple_layers

Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

• I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
• To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or other license that is incompatible with OpenCV
• The PR is proposed to proper branch
• There is reference to original bug report and related work
• There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
  Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
• The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

force_builders=Custom

buildworker:Custom=linux-4,linux-6
build_image:Custom=ubuntu-cuda:18.04

Xbuild_image:Custom=ubuntu-vulkan:16.04
Xbuildworker:Custom=linux-4

Xbuild_image:Custom=halide:16.04
Xbuildworker:Custom=linux-4


build_image:Custom Win=openvino-2021.4.1
buildworker:Custom Win=windows-3
test_opencl:Custom Win=ON

[alalek]

Looks good to me! Thank you 👍

[sl-sergei]

Thank you 👍