[mdc-slider] unable to be pre-rendered on server

[devversion]

Bug report

The current implementation of the mdc-slider cannot be pre-rendered on the server because the foundation has the following problems:

1. It uses DOM globals which cannot be proxied through the adapter.
   https://github.com/material-components/material-components-web/blob/master/packages/mdc-slider/foundation.ts#L499-L500

2. It expects element dimensions to be computed on foundation init. This is problematic because on the server, the element dimensions cannot be measured. This prevents us from pre-rendering the initial value of the slider.

Actual behavior

MDC-slider cannot be pre-rendered.

Expected behavior

MDC-slider can be pre-rendered on the server.

Your Environment:

Software	Version(s)
MDC Web	v4.0.0-alpha.0
Browser	Chrome
Operating System	Windows

Additional context

We need this to be able to provide a slider implementation for Angular components based on the MDC slider foundation.

Possible solution

Ideally the mdc-slider foundation would have an adapter method for retrieving the style property names (see bullet point 1). And to solve the second bullet point, the slider would not depend on element measurements to move the thumb (i.e. just using percentage to move the thumb). Element measurements are only needed for determining the value from a pointer click.