[12.x] display previous exceptions

[imhayatunnabi]

Summary

• Adds display of previous exceptions in the exception renderer

Problem

When exceptions are wrapped with previous exceptions using the $previous parameter, the error page only shows the top-level exception. This makes debugging difficult as developers cannot see the full exception chain without diving into code, turning a simple one-minute debug into an hour-long investigation.

As requested in #57366:

"When the exception is rendered by Laravel as a response, there is no way to know the previous exception or track the previous exceptions from there."

[shaedrich]

Since I'm not a maintainer, I can neither accept nor reject your PR. Taylor will do that when he gets to that.

Anyway, LGTM 👍🏻

[DarkGhostHunter]

@imhayatunnabi Care to share a screenshot on how it looks?

[taylorotwell]

Thanks for your pull request to Laravel!

Unfortunately, I'm going to delay merging this code for now. To preserve our ability to adequately maintain the framework, we need to be very careful regarding the amount of code we include.

If applicable, please consider releasing your code as a package so that the community can still take advantage of your contributions!