meta: Update CHANGELOG for 7.24.0

[Lms24]

blocked on #6210

This version includes the Replay package and CDN bundles. I left the entries for the most important Replay changes in the log. Can remove them/streamline further if necessary

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size
@sentry/browser - ES5 CDN Bundle (gzipped + minified)	19.67 KB (-0.03% 🔽)
@sentry/browser - ES5 CDN Bundle (minified)	60.94 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser - ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped + minified)	18.46 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser - ES6 CDN Bundle (minified)	54.49 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser - Webpack (gzipped + minified)	20.26 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser - Webpack (minified)	66.24 KB (0%)
@sentry/react - Webpack (gzipped + minified)	20.29 KB (0%)
@sentry/nextjs Client - Webpack (gzipped + minified)	47.14 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser + @sentry/tracing - ES5 CDN Bundle (gzipped + minified)	26.52 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser + @sentry/tracing - ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped + minified)	24.96 KB (+0.02% 🔺)
@sentry/replay ES6 CDN Bundle (gzipped + minified)	41.8 KB (-0.01% 🔽)
@sentry/replay - Webpack (gzipped + minified)	37.91 KB (0%)