feat(core): Allow to pass scope & client to getTraceData

[mydea]

In addition to span, this allows to use this with custom client setups as well.

Usage:

const traceData = Sentry.getTraceData({ scope, client });

Closes #16618

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size	% Change	Change
@sentry/browser	23.99 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser - with treeshaking flags	23.76 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	38.8 kB	+0.03%	+9 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	76.92 kB	+0.02%	+9 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	70.01 kB	+0.02%	+9 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	81.69 kB	+0.02%	+9 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	93.76 kB	+0.01%	+9 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	40.73 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	28.7 kB	-	-
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	33.59 kB	-	-
@sentry/react	25.76 kB	-	-
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	40.79 kB	+0.03%	+9 B 🔺
@sentry/vue	28.36 kB	-	-
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	40.66 kB	+0.03%	+9 B 🔺
@sentry/svelte	24.01 kB	-	-
CDN Bundle	25.49 kB	+0.04%	+10 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	38.97 kB	+0.03%	+11 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	74.82 kB	+0.02%	+9 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	80.24 kB	+0.02%	+11 B 🔺
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	74.5 kB	+0.03%	+19 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	115.32 kB	+0.02%	+19 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	229.37 kB	+0.01%	+19 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	242.2 kB	+0.01%	+19 B 🔺
@sentry/nextjs (client)	42.45 kB	+0.03%	+9 B 🔺
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	39.29 kB	+0.03%	+9 B 🔺
@sentry/node	150.79 kB	+0.02%	+30 B 🔺
@sentry/node - without tracing	98.55 kB	+0.03%	+29 B 🔺
@sentry/aws-serverless	124.3 kB	+0.03%	+28 B 🔺

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