feat(node): Instrumentation for node-schedule library

[timfish]

Closes #9893

This PR adds auto instrumented check-ins for the node-schedule library.

It's not shown in the readme, but scheduleJob can be passed a job name as the first parameter:
https://github.com/node-schedule/node-schedule/blob/c5a4d9a0dbcd5bda4996e089817e5669b5acd95f/lib/schedule.js#L28

import * as Sentry from '@sentry/node';
import * as schedule from 'node-schedule';

const scheduleWithCheckIn = Sentry.cron.instrumentNodeSchedule(schedule);

const job = scheduleWithCheckIn.scheduleJob('my-cron-job', '* * * * *', () => {
  console.log('You will see this message every minute');
});

This PR also adds a check to the cron instrumentation that ensures that you can't create multiple schedules with the same monitor slug.