Add runtime warning for profiling-node bindings with Node 23

[AbhiPrasad]

Right now @sentry/profiling-node only has bindings for LTS node - 16, 18, 20, and 22 in our case.

We don't want to publish bindings for non-LTS versions - so this issue proposes using a runtime warning to alert against usages of Node 21 or Node 23. This makes it super clear for why the SDK does not work on these versions.

We can also point people to the docs of how to build bindings from source, which gives them the freedom to use those versions (at their own risk - we don't maintain this).

[AbhiPrasad]

@JonasBa I opened #12211 because I had a friend get confused with this.