Zeros of Bessel functions J and Y

[ivan-pi]

Description

A short description can be found at WolframMathWorld - Bessel Function Zeros.

Books:

1. Abramovitz & Stegun, Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, Dover, 1972, Section 9.5, pp. 370-374.
2. NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions, Section 10.21
3. Shanjie Zhang & Jianming Jin, Computation of Special Functions, Wiley, 1996, Chapter 5.
4. Ali Ümit Keskin, Ordinary Differential Equations for Engineers, Springer, 2019, Section 5.2, pg. 294.

Papers:

• Gard, J., & Zakrajšek, E. (1973). Method for evaluation of zeros of Bessel functions. IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics, 11(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.1093/imamat/11.1.57
• Temme, N. M. (1979). An algorithm with ALGOL 60 program for the computation of the zeros of ordinary Bessel functions and those of their derivatives. Journal of Computational Physics, 32(2), 270-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(79)90134-7
• Ikebe, Y., Kikuchi, Y., & Fujishiro, I. (1991). Computing zeros and orders of Bessel functions. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 38(1-3), 169-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0427(91)90169-K
• Elbert, A. (2001). Some recent results on the zeros of Bessel functions and orthogonal polynomials. Journal of computational and applied mathematics, 133(1-2), 65-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0427(00)00635-X

Prior Art

A thread at comp.lang.fortran suggests several good resources:

• J-P Moreau: BESSEL PROGRAMS IN FORTRAN 90

        SUBROUTINE JYZO(N,NT,RJ0,RJ1,RY0,RY1)
!       ======================================================
!       Purpose: Compute the zeros of Bessel functions Jn(x),
!                Yn(x), and their derivatives
!       Input :  n  --- Order of Bessel functions (0 to 100)
!                NT --- Number of zeros (roots)
!       Output:  RJ0(L) --- L-th zero of Jn(x),  L=1,2,...,NT
!                RJ1(L) --- L-th zero of Jn'(x), L=1,2,...,NT
!                RY0(L) --- L-th zero of Yn(x),  L=1,2,...,NT
!                RY1(L) --- L-th zero of Yn'(x), L=1,2,...,NT
! ...

• CERN Program Library (GPL-licensed according to Wikipedia)

SUBROUTINE DBZEJY(A,N,MODE,REL,X)
REAL(DP), INTENT(IN) :: A       ! Order a  
INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: N        ! Number N of zeros wanted
INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: MODE     ! Defines the function for which the zeros are to be calculated
REAL(DP), INTENT(IN) :: REL     ! Requested relative accuracy
REAL(DP), INTENT(OUT) :: X(N)   ! On exit, contains the first N positive zeros of the function defined by MODE

• NAG Library (s17alf or bessel_zeros)

subroutine bessel_zeros(a,n,mode,rel,x,ifail)
integer, intent(in) :: n, mode
integer, intent(inout) :: ifail
real(kind=nag_wp), intent(in) :: a, rel
real(kind=nag_wp), intent(out) :: x(n)

Finally, the results of a non-exhaustive search for Bessel zero resources:

• Boost C++ Libraries: Finding Zeros of Bessel Functions of the First and Second Kinds (the implementation is discussed towards the bottom of the page)
• GSL: Zeros of Regular Bessel functions
• Online Calculator from CASIO
• scipy.special (Zeros of Bessel functions) - Cites code from Ref. 3 of the resources above, available in the SPECIAL_FUNCTIONS package from John Burkardt's collection. Here is a permalink to the code in Scipy.
• FunctionZeros.jl (an issue is open to add this to the Julia SpecialFunctions.jl)
• MATLAB Central Packages:
  • Bessel Zero Solver by Jason Nicholson
  • Bessel Function Zeros by Greg von Winckel
  • Bessel Derivative Zeros by Carey Smith
• misc/besz.c - fast zero finder for bessel functions J_nu(x) by E. Onofri

Related issues: #305, #179, #102

Since Fortran already supports Bessel functions

• bessel_j0(x)
• bessel_j1(x)
• bessel_jn(n,x) or bessel_jn(n1,n2,x)
• bessel_y0(x)
• bessel_y1(x)
• bessel_yn(n,x) or bessel_yn(n1,n2,x)

it would be nice to come up with a similar interface.