Improve errors for incorrect overloads used in custom operations

[cartermp]

#9400 exposed an issue:

let q2 = 
    query {
        for d in [1..10] do
            where (d > 3)
                select d
    }

This code is incorrect. It used to give only 1 confusing error message:

error FS3099: 'where' is used with an incorrect number of arguments. This is a custom operation in this query or computation expression. Expected 1 argument(s), but given 3.

It now gives 3 confusing error messages:

error FS3095: 'select' is not used correctly. This is a custom operation in this query or computation expression.

error FS0039: The value or constructor 'd' is not defined.

error FS0501: The member or object constructor 'Where' takes 2 argument(s) but is here given 4. The required signature is 'member Linq.QueryBuilder.Where : source:Linq.QuerySource<'T,'Q> * predicate:('T -> bool) -> Linq.QuerySource<'T,'Q>'.

We should see what we can do about this. The previous state of the world was never good. But it is worse now.

[TysonMN]

It is possible to only have the error

error FS0039: The value or constructor 'd' is not defined.

Here is a rather minimal reproduction of that. It would be great if this reproduction were used to create a unit test that asserts that this code produces no errors.

Thanks to @the-not-mad-psychologist for providing this reproduction in hedgehogqa/fsharp-hedgehog#410 (comment).

type Identity<'a> = Identity of 'a

type IdentityBuilder() =
  member _.Bind(Identity x, f) : Identity<_> = f x
  member _.Return x = Identity x
  member _.Yield x = Identity x
  member _.For x = x

  [<CustomOperation("where")>]
  member _.Where x = x

let identity = IdentityBuilder()

let i =
  identity {
    let! d = Identity ""
    where
    return d // The value or constructor 'd' is not defined.
  }