Move __CPROVER_uninterpreted_* conversion to C type checker

[tautschnig]

We already had type checking of mathematical_function types to support lambda expressions. Special-case symbols with name __CPROVER_uninterpreted_* will now also produce these types. GOTO conversion will no longer give specific treatment to function calls with symbol name __CPROVER_uninterpreted_*.

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• n/a Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• n/a The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
• n/a My commit message includes data points confirming performance improvements (if claimed).
• My PR is restricted to a single feature or bugfix.
• n/a White-space or formatting changes outside the feature-related changed lines are in commits of their own.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 88.00000% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 80.39%. Comparing base (2e6200a) to head (d42256d).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_expr.cpp	70.00%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #8280      +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage    80.39%   80.39%   -0.01%     
===========================================
  Files         1688     1688              
  Lines       207403   207399       -4     
  Branches        73       73              
===========================================
- Hits        166749   166745       -4     
  Misses       40654    40654              

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[remi-delmas-3000]

We already had type checking of mathematical_function types to support lambda expressions. Special-case symbols with name _CPROVER_uninterpreted* will now also produce these types.

What does this mean in practice ? What does it enable for the user ?