🌀 ESP8266 Servo Motor Control using PWM (MicroPython)

This project demonstrates how to control a servo motor connected to an ESP8266 board using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) with MicroPython.
The servo sweeps smoothly from 0° → 180° → 0°, showing precise position control using variable PWM duty cycles.

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🧠 Project Overview

Component	Description
Board	ESP8266
IDE	Thonny IDE
Language	MicroPython
USB Driver	Silicon Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge
Servo Pin	GPIO2
PWM Frequency	50 Hz
PWM Resolution	10-bit (0–1023 duty range)

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⚙️ Requirements

• ESP8266 board (NodeMCU or compatible)
• Servo motor (e.g., SG90, MG90S)
• External 5V power supply (recommended for servo)
• Micro USB cable
• Thonny IDE
• CP210x USB Driver
• MicroPython firmware flashed on ESP8266

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⚙️ Servo Timing Reference

Servo Angle	Pulse Width	Duty (10-bit PWM)	Description
0°	1.0 ms	≈ 20	Minimum position
90°	1.5 ms	≈ 70	Mid position
180°	2.0 ms	≈ 120	Maximum position

🧩 Note:
A 50 Hz frequency means each PWM cycle lasts 20 ms.
Adjusting the ON time (1–2 ms) within that 20 ms frame controls the servo angle.

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💻 Code

# Time period = 20ms => Frequency = 1 / 20ms = 50Hz
# 10-bit PWM = ESP8266
# 1ms ON + 19ms OFF = 0 Degree
# 1.5ms ON + 18.5ms OFF = 90 Degree
# 2ms ON + 18ms OFF = 180 Degree

import machine
import utime

servo = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT)
pwm = machine.PWM(servo)

pwm.init(freq=50, duty=20)

def pwm_duty(duty):
    pwm.duty(duty)
    
while True:
    for x in range(120, 20, -1):
        pwm_duty(x)
        utime.sleep_ms(100)
    utime.sleep_ms(500)
    for x in range(20, 120, 1):
        pwm_duty(x)
        utime.sleep_ms(100)
    utime.sleep_ms(500)