🌈 ESP8266 LED Brightness Control using PWM (MicroPython)

This project demonstrates how to control the brightness of an LED connected to the ESP8266 using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) in MicroPython.
The LED gradually fades in and out, creating a smooth brightness transition.

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🧠 Project Overview

Component	Description
Board	ESP8266
IDE	Thonny IDE
Language	MicroPython
USB Driver	Silicon Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge
LED Pin	GPIO2
PWM Frequency	1 kHz
Duty Cycle Range	0 – 1023

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⚙️ Requirements

• ESP8266 board (NodeMCU or compatible)
• 1 LED + 220Ω resistor
• Micro USB cable
• Thonny IDE
• CP210x USB Driver
• MicroPython firmware flashed on ESP8266

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🧩 Circuit Connections

ESP8266 Pin	Component	Description
GPIO2	LED	Output (PWM control)
GND	LED (-)	Common Ground

💡 Tip: If you use GPIO16 for a second LED, note that GPIO16 does not support hardware PWM.

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💻 Code

# GPIO2 = LED1
# GPIO16 = LED2

import machine
import utime

led = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT)
pwm = machine.PWM(led)

pwm.init(freq=1000, duty=900)

def pwm_duty(duty):
    pwm.duty(duty)

while True:
    for x in range(1020, 0, -5):
        pwm.duty(x)
        utime.sleep_ms(10)
    utime.sleep_ms(500)
    for x in range(0, 1020, 5):
        pwm.duty(x)
        utime.sleep_ms(10)
    utime.sleep_ms(500)