[SPARK-49929][PYTHON][CONNECT] Support box plots

[xinrong-meng]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Support box plots with plotly backend on both Spark Connect and Spark classic.

Why are the changes needed?

While Pandas on Spark supports plotting, PySpark currently lacks this feature. The proposed API will enable users to generate visualizations. This will provide users with an intuitive, interactive way to explore and understand large datasets directly from PySpark DataFrames, streamlining the data analysis workflow in distributed environments.

See more at PySpark Plotting API Specification in progress.

Part of https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-49530.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

Yes. Box plots are supported as shown below.

>>> data = [
...             ("A", 50, 55),
...             ("B", 55, 60),
...             ("C", 60, 65),
...             ("D", 65, 70),
...             ("E", 70, 75),
...             # outliers
...             ("F", 10, 15),
...             ("G", 85, 90),
...             ("H", 5, 150),
...         ]
>>> columns = ["student", "math_score", "english_score"]
>>> sdf = spark.createDataFrame(data, columns)
>>> fig1 = sdf.plot.box(column=["math_score", "english_score"])
>>> fig1.show()  # see below
>>> fig2 = sdf.plot(kind="box", column="math_score")
>>> fig2.show()  # see below

fig1:

fig2:

How was this patch tested?

Unit tests.

Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

[zhengruifeng]

todo for myself: find a proper place for this helper function so it can be used in both pyspark df and ps.

[xinrong-meng]

Thank you!

[zhengruifeng]

LGTM pending tests

[xinrong-meng]

Merged to master, thank you!