HADOOP-19044. S3A: AWS SDK V2 - Update region logic (#6479)

[virajjasani]

Improves region handling in the S3A connector, including enabling cross-region support when that is considered necessary.

Consult the documentation in connecting.md/connecting.html for the current resolution process.

Contributed by Viraj Jasani

[hadoop-yetus]

🎊 +1 overall

Vote	Subsystem	Runtime	Logfile	Comment
+0 🆗	reexec	0m 34s		Docker mode activated.
			_ Prechecks _
+1 💚	dupname	0m 0s		No case conflicting files found.
+0 🆗	codespell	0m 0s		codespell was not available.
+0 🆗	detsecrets	0m 0s		detect-secrets was not available.
+0 🆗	markdownlint	0m 0s		markdownlint was not available.
+1 💚	@author	0m 0s		The patch does not contain any @author tags.
+1 💚	test4tests	0m 0s		The patch appears to include 2 new or modified test files.
			_ branch-3.4 Compile Tests _
+1 💚	mvninstall	43m 32s		branch-3.4 passed
+1 💚	compile	0m 41s		branch-3.4 passed with JDK Ubuntu-11.0.21+9-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
+1 💚	compile	0m 34s		branch-3.4 passed with JDK Private Build-1.8.0_392-8u392-ga-1~20.04-b08
+1 💚	checkstyle	0m 33s		branch-3.4 passed
+1 💚	mvnsite	0m 40s		branch-3.4 passed
+1 💚	javadoc	0m 27s		branch-3.4 passed with JDK Ubuntu-11.0.21+9-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
+1 💚	javadoc	0m 34s		branch-3.4 passed with JDK Private Build-1.8.0_392-8u392-ga-1~20.04-b08
+1 💚	spotbugs	1m 6s		branch-3.4 passed
+1 💚	shadedclient	32m 9s		branch has no errors when building and testing our client artifacts.
			_ Patch Compile Tests _
+1 💚	mvninstall	0m 28s		the patch passed
+1 💚	compile	0m 33s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-11.0.21+9-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
+1 💚	javac	0m 33s		the patch passed
+1 💚	compile	0m 25s		the patch passed with JDK Private Build-1.8.0_392-8u392-ga-1~20.04-b08
+1 💚	javac	0m 25s		the patch passed
+1 💚	blanks	0m 0s		The patch has no blanks issues.
+1 💚	checkstyle	0m 20s		the patch passed
+1 💚	mvnsite	0m 31s		the patch passed
+1 💚	javadoc	0m 16s		the patch passed with JDK Ubuntu-11.0.21+9-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04
+1 💚	javadoc	0m 24s		the patch passed with JDK Private Build-1.8.0_392-8u392-ga-1~20.04-b08
+1 💚	spotbugs	1m 5s		the patch passed
+1 💚	shadedclient	32m 5s		patch has no errors when building and testing our client artifacts.
			_ Other Tests _
+1 💚	unit	2m 57s		hadoop-aws in the patch passed.
+1 💚	asflicense	0m 36s		The patch does not generate ASF License warnings.
		124m 28s

Subsystem	Report/Notes
Docker	ClientAPI=1.44 ServerAPI=1.44 base: https://ci-hadoop.apache.org/job/hadoop-multibranch/job/PR-6524/1/artifact/out/Dockerfile
GITHUB PR	#6524
Optional Tests	dupname asflicense compile javac javadoc mvninstall mvnsite unit shadedclient spotbugs checkstyle codespell detsecrets markdownlint
uname	Linux be21b4fd5d90 5.15.0-88-generic #98-Ubuntu SMP Mon Oct 2 15:18:56 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Build tool	maven
Personality	dev-support/bin/hadoop.sh
git revision	branch-3.4 / 25d1db4
Default Java	Private Build-1.8.0_392-8u392-ga-1~20.04-b08
Multi-JDK versions	/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64:Ubuntu-11.0.21+9-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04 /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64:Private Build-1.8.0_392-8u392-ga-1~20.04-b08
Test Results	https://ci-hadoop.apache.org/job/hadoop-multibranch/job/PR-6524/1/testReport/
Max. process+thread count	556 (vs. ulimit of 5500)
modules	C: hadoop-tools/hadoop-aws U: hadoop-tools/hadoop-aws
Console output	https://ci-hadoop.apache.org/job/hadoop-multibranch/job/PR-6524/1/console
versions	git=2.25.1 maven=3.6.3 spotbugs=4.2.2
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[steveloughran]

+1