CHORE: update CHANGELOG for v0.17.5

[pyansys-ci-bot]

Update CHANGELOG for v0.17.5 and remove .md files in doc/changelog.d.

Caution

Do not merge this pull request until the release has been successfully made.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 85.27%. Comparing base (d34e771) to head (ed1bd35).
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #6341      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   85.36%   85.27%   -0.10%     
==========================================
  Files         175      175              
  Lines       65797    65797              
==========================================
- Hits        56169    56106      -63     
- Misses       9628     9691      +63     

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