feat(card): Filled type cards

[KinokoF]

Feature Description

The Material Design spec describes the possibility of filled type cards.

However, the only two card types available at the moment are outlined and raised.

Links:

• https://m3.material.io/components/cards/specs#0f55bf62-edf2-4619-b00d-b9ed462f2c5a
• https://material.angular.io/components/card/api#MatCardAppearance

It would be nice to have this feature in Angular Material.

Use Case

• Card differentiation
• Improve the user experience
• More graphic expressiveness

[naaajii]

#29868 addresses this.

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