feat(@angular/build): add sass to stylePreprocessorOptions in application builder

[alan-agius4]

This commit introduces the functionality to configure a limited number of options for Sass processing in the Angular application builder. The following options have been added to enhance the Sass integration:

• futureDeprecations: Specifies features that are scheduled for deprecation. The compiler will treat these as active and emit warnings as necessary.
• fatalDeprecations: Identifies Sass features that are already deprecated and will cause build failures if used.
• silenceDeprecations: This option suppresses deprecation warnings for specified versions.

Usage example:

"architect": {
  "build": {
    "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:application",
    "options": {
      "outputHashing": "none",
      "namedChunks": true,
      "stylePreprocessorOptions": {
        "sass": {
          "futureDeprecations": ["color-functions"],
          "fatalDeprecations": ["color-functions"],
          "silenceDeprecations": ["1.77.0"]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

For more information about these options, please refer to the Sass documentation: https://sass-lang.com/documentation/js-api/interfaces/options/

Closes #28587

[L-X-T]

Hi, I just wanted to add the necessary config for Angular V19 to get rid of the sass compiler deprecation warnings:

"stylePreprocessorOptions": {
  "sass": {
    "silenceDeprecations": ["mixed-decls", "color-functions", "global-builtin", "import"]
  }
},

Just in case sb. lands here and is looking for the same solution as I did :-)

[L-X-T]

Another note to @alan-agius4: Your example is misleading, it should look like this:

"architect": {
  "build": {
    "options": {
      "stylePreprocessorOptions": {
        "sass": {
          "fatalDeprecations": ["color-functions", "1.77.0"],
          "futureDeprecations": ["color-functions"],
          "silenceDeprecations": ["color-functions"]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

This is due to the fact, that only for "fatalDeprecations" you can pass in a sass version, not for the other two.

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