[🐛 Bug]: Selenium fails to find chrome binary after 4.20.1

[shouichi]

What happened?

Selenium fails to find chrome binary after 4.20.1. Reverting to 4.19.0 solves the problem.

The key difference here seems to be the presence of :browser_path. 4.19.0 always calls SeleniumManager and :browser_path is present. 4.20.1 does not always call SeleniumManager and :browser_path can be absent ¹. FYI: Rails sets Selenimu::WebDriver::Service.driver_path ².

I tried modifying driver_finder.rb line 53 ³ to if path && false to force invoke SeleniumManager, it worked correctly in 4.20.1.

See also #13386.

Thank you.

How can we reproduce the issue?

- No system-level installation of chrome or chromium.
- Create a fresh new rails app (the rails version is 7.1)
- Run a system test

Relevant log output

2024-05-08 15:37:02 INFO Selenium [:logger_info] Details on how to use and modify Selenium logger:
  https://selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/troubleshooting/logging

2024-05-08 15:37:02 WARN Selenium [DEPRECATION] DriverFinder.path(options, service_class) is deprecated. Use DriverFinder.new(options, service).driver_path instead.
2024-05-08 15:37:02 INFO Selenium [:logger_info] Details on how to use and modify Selenium logger:
  https://selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/troubleshooting/logging

2024-05-08 15:37:02 WARN Selenium [DEPRECATION] DriverFinder.path(options, service_class) is deprecated. Use DriverFinder.new(options, service).driver_path instead.
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] Selenium Manager binary found at /home/shouichi/.asdf/installs/ruby/3.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/selenium-webdriver-4.20.1/bin/linux/selenium-manager 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] Executing Process ["/home/shouichi/.asdf/installs/ruby/3.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/selenium-webdriver-4.20.1/bin/linux/selenium-manager", "--browser", "chrome", "--language-binding", "ruby", "--output", "json", "--debug"] 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] Selenium Manager binary found at /home/shouichi/.asdf/installs/ruby/3.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/selenium-webdriver-4.20.1/bin/linux/selenium-manager 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] Executing Process ["/home/shouichi/.asdf/installs/ruby/3.2.3/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/selenium-webdriver-4.20.1/bin/linux/selenium-manager", "--browser", "chrome", "--language-binding", "ruby", "--output", "json", "--debug"] 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] chromedriver not found in PATH 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] chromedriver not found in PATH 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] chrome not found in PATH 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] chrome not found in the system 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] chrome not found in PATH 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] chrome not found in the system 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] Required browser: chrome 124.0.6367.155 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] Required browser: chrome 124.0.6367.155 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] chrome 124.0.6367.155 already exists 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] chrome 124.0.6367.155 already exists 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] chrome 124.0.6367.155 is available at /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chrome/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chrome 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] chrome 124.0.6367.155 is available at /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chrome/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chrome 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] Required driver: chromedriver 124.0.6367.155 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] Required driver: chromedriver 124.0.6367.155 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] chromedriver 124.0.6367.155 already in the cache 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] chromedriver 124.0.6367.155 already in the cache 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] Driver path: /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] Driver path: /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] Browser path: /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chrome/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chrome 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:selenium_manager] Browser path: /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chrome/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chrome 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium Skipping Selenium Manager; path to chromedriver specified in service class: /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium Skipping Selenium Manager; path to chromedriver specified in service class: /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] Executing Process ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9515"] 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] Executing Process ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9515"] 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Starting process: ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9515"] with {[:out, :err]=>#<IO:<STDERR>>, :pgroup=>true} 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Starting process: ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9515"] with {[:out, :err]=>#<IO:<STDERR>>, :pgroup=>true} 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> pid: 3928385 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> pid: 3928385 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] polling for socket on ["127.0.0.1", 9515] 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] polling for socket on ["127.0.0.1", 9515] 
Starting ChromeDriver 124.0.6367.155 (df4f029328b2d50a2a4c02c8952b75245983a0ed-refs/branch-heads/6367@{#1097}) on port 9515
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
Starting ChromeDriver 124.0.6367.155 (df4f029328b2d50a2a4c02c8952b75245983a0ed-refs/branch-heads/6367@{#1097}) on port 9515
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:command] -> POST session 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:command] -> POST session 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:command]    >>> http://127.0.0.1:9515/session | {"capabilities":{"alwaysMatch":{"browserName":"chrome","goog:chromeOptions":{}}}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:command]    >>> http://127.0.0.1:9515/session | {"capabilities":{"alwaysMatch":{"browserName":"chrome","goog:chromeOptions":{}}}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:header]      > {"Accept"=>"application/json", "Content-Type"=>"application/json; charset=UTF-8", "User-Agent"=>"selenium/4.20.1 (ruby linux)", "Content-Length"=>"81"} 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:header]      > {"Accept"=>"application/json", "Content-Type"=>"application/json; charset=UTF-8", "User-Agent"=>"selenium/4.20.1 (ruby linux)", "Content-Length"=>"81"} 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:header]    <<<  {"content-length"=>["689"], "content-type"=>["application/json; charset=utf-8"], "cache-control"=>["no-cache"]} 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:header]    <<<  {"content-length"=>["689"], "content-type"=>["application/json; charset=utf-8"], "cache-control"=>["no-cache"]} 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:command] <- {"value":{"error":"unknown error","message":"unknown error: cannot find Chrome binary","stacktrace":"#0 0x619cd240cdf3 \u003Cunknown>\n#1 0x619cd20fb4e7 \u003Cunknown>\n#2 0x619cd212d5b3 \u003Cunknown>\n#3 0x619cd212b9c0 \u003Cunknown>\n#4 0x619cd21747f0 \u003Cunknown>\n#5 0x619cd21681f3 \u003Cunknown>\n#6 0x619cd213928a \u003Cunknown>\n#7 0x619cd2139c5e \u003Cunknown>\n#8 0x619cd23d111b \u003Cunknown>\n#9 0x619cd23d506b \u003Cunknown>\n#10 0x619cd23bd231 \u003Cunknown>\n#11 0x619cd23d5bd2 \u003Cunknown>\n#12 0x619cd23a20ef \u003Cunknown>\n#13 0x619cd23fbf48 \u003Cunknown>\n#14 0x619cd23fc120 \u003Cunknown>\n#15 0x619cd240bf44 \u003Cunknown>\n#16 0x730027497b5a \u003Cunknown>\n"}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:command] <- {"value":{"error":"unknown error","message":"unknown error: cannot find Chrome binary","stacktrace":"#0 0x619cd240cdf3 \u003Cunknown>\n#1 0x619cd20fb4e7 \u003Cunknown>\n#2 0x619cd212d5b3 \u003Cunknown>\n#3 0x619cd212b9c0 \u003Cunknown>\n#4 0x619cd21747f0 \u003Cunknown>\n#5 0x619cd21681f3 \u003Cunknown>\n#6 0x619cd213928a \u003Cunknown>\n#7 0x619cd2139c5e \u003Cunknown>\n#8 0x619cd23d111b \u003Cunknown>\n#9 0x619cd23d506b \u003Cunknown>\n#10 0x619cd23bd231 \u003Cunknown>\n#11 0x619cd23d5bd2 \u003Cunknown>\n#12 0x619cd23a20ef \u003Cunknown>\n#13 0x619cd23fbf48 \u003Cunknown>\n#14 0x619cd23fc120 \u003Cunknown>\n#15 0x619cd240bf44 \u003Cunknown>\n#16 0x730027497b5a \u003Cunknown>\n"}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium Skipping Selenium Manager; path to chromedriver specified in service class: /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium Skipping Selenium Manager; path to chromedriver specified in service class: /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] Executing Process ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9516"] 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] Executing Process ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9516"] 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Starting process: ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9516"] with {[:out, :err]=>#<IO:<STDERR>>, :pgroup=>true} 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Starting process: ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9516"] with {[:out, :err]=>#<IO:<STDERR>>, :pgroup=>true} 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> pid: 3928391 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> pid: 3928391 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] polling for socket on ["127.0.0.1", 9516] 
2024-05-08 15:37:02 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] polling for socket on ["127.0.0.1", 9516] 
Starting ChromeDriver 124.0.6367.155 (df4f029328b2d50a2a4c02c8952b75245983a0ed-refs/branch-heads/6367@{#1097}) on port 9516
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
Starting ChromeDriver 124.0.6367.155 (df4f029328b2d50a2a4c02c8952b75245983a0ed-refs/branch-heads/6367@{#1097}) on port 9516
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command] -> POST session 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command] -> POST session 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command]    >>> http://127.0.0.1:9516/session | {"capabilities":{"alwaysMatch":{"browserName":"chrome","goog:chromeOptions":{}}}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command]    >>> http://127.0.0.1:9516/session | {"capabilities":{"alwaysMatch":{"browserName":"chrome","goog:chromeOptions":{}}}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:header]      > {"Accept"=>"application/json", "Content-Type"=>"application/json; charset=UTF-8", "User-Agent"=>"selenium/4.20.1 (ruby linux)", "Content-Length"=>"81"} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:header]      > {"Accept"=>"application/json", "Content-Type"=>"application/json; charset=UTF-8", "User-Agent"=>"selenium/4.20.1 (ruby linux)", "Content-Length"=>"81"} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:header]    <<<  {"content-length"=>["689"], "content-type"=>["application/json; charset=utf-8"], "cache-control"=>["no-cache"]} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:header]    <<<  {"content-length"=>["689"], "content-type"=>["application/json; charset=utf-8"], "cache-control"=>["no-cache"]} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command] <- {"value":{"error":"unknown error","message":"unknown error: cannot find Chrome binary","stacktrace":"#0 0x59b8fc0cddf3 \u003Cunknown>\n#1 0x59b8fbdbc4e7 \u003Cunknown>\n#2 0x59b8fbdee5b3 \u003Cunknown>\n#3 0x59b8fbdec9c0 \u003Cunknown>\n#4 0x59b8fbe357f0 \u003Cunknown>\n#5 0x59b8fbe291f3 \u003Cunknown>\n#6 0x59b8fbdfa28a \u003Cunknown>\n#7 0x59b8fbdfac5e \u003Cunknown>\n#8 0x59b8fc09211b \u003Cunknown>\n#9 0x59b8fc09606b \u003Cunknown>\n#10 0x59b8fc07e231 \u003Cunknown>\n#11 0x59b8fc096bd2 \u003Cunknown>\n#12 0x59b8fc0630ef \u003Cunknown>\n#13 0x59b8fc0bcf48 \u003Cunknown>\n#14 0x59b8fc0bd120 \u003Cunknown>\n#15 0x59b8fc0ccf44 \u003Cunknown>\n#16 0x71b9b2297b5a \u003Cunknown>\n"}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command] <- {"value":{"error":"unknown error","message":"unknown error: cannot find Chrome binary","stacktrace":"#0 0x59b8fc0cddf3 \u003Cunknown>\n#1 0x59b8fbdbc4e7 \u003Cunknown>\n#2 0x59b8fbdee5b3 \u003Cunknown>\n#3 0x59b8fbdec9c0 \u003Cunknown>\n#4 0x59b8fbe357f0 \u003Cunknown>\n#5 0x59b8fbe291f3 \u003Cunknown>\n#6 0x59b8fbdfa28a \u003Cunknown>\n#7 0x59b8fbdfac5e \u003Cunknown>\n#8 0x59b8fc09211b \u003Cunknown>\n#9 0x59b8fc09606b \u003Cunknown>\n#10 0x59b8fc07e231 \u003Cunknown>\n#11 0x59b8fc096bd2 \u003Cunknown>\n#12 0x59b8fc0630ef \u003Cunknown>\n#13 0x59b8fc0bcf48 \u003Cunknown>\n#14 0x59b8fc0bd120 \u003Cunknown>\n#15 0x59b8fc0ccf44 \u003Cunknown>\n#16 0x71b9b2297b5a \u003Cunknown>\n"}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium Skipping Selenium Manager; path to chromedriver specified in service class: /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium Skipping Selenium Manager; path to chromedriver specified in service class: /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] Executing Process ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9517"] 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] Executing Process ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9517"] 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Starting process: ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9517"] with {[:out, :err]=>#<IO:<STDERR>>, :pgroup=>true} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Starting process: ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9517"] with {[:out, :err]=>#<IO:<STDERR>>, :pgroup=>true} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> pid: 3928397 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> pid: 3928397 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] polling for socket on ["127.0.0.1", 9517] 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] polling for socket on ["127.0.0.1", 9517] 
Starting ChromeDriver 124.0.6367.155 (df4f029328b2d50a2a4c02c8952b75245983a0ed-refs/branch-heads/6367@{#1097}) on port 9517
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
Starting ChromeDriver 124.0.6367.155 (df4f029328b2d50a2a4c02c8952b75245983a0ed-refs/branch-heads/6367@{#1097}) on port 9517
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command] -> POST session 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command] -> POST session 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command]    >>> http://127.0.0.1:9517/session | {"capabilities":{"alwaysMatch":{"browserName":"chrome","goog:chromeOptions":{}}}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command]    >>> http://127.0.0.1:9517/session | {"capabilities":{"alwaysMatch":{"browserName":"chrome","goog:chromeOptions":{}}}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:header]      > {"Accept"=>"application/json", "Content-Type"=>"application/json; charset=UTF-8", "User-Agent"=>"selenium/4.20.1 (ruby linux)", "Content-Length"=>"81"} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:header]      > {"Accept"=>"application/json", "Content-Type"=>"application/json; charset=UTF-8", "User-Agent"=>"selenium/4.20.1 (ruby linux)", "Content-Length"=>"81"} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:header]    <<<  {"content-length"=>["689"], "content-type"=>["application/json; charset=utf-8"], "cache-control"=>["no-cache"]} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:header]    <<<  {"content-length"=>["689"], "content-type"=>["application/json; charset=utf-8"], "cache-control"=>["no-cache"]} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command] <- {"value":{"error":"unknown error","message":"unknown error: cannot find Chrome binary","stacktrace":"#0 0x600dcc3c1df3 \u003Cunknown>\n#1 0x600dcc0b04e7 \u003Cunknown>\n#2 0x600dcc0e25b3 \u003Cunknown>\n#3 0x600dcc0e09c0 \u003Cunknown>\n#4 0x600dcc1297f0 \u003Cunknown>\n#5 0x600dcc11d1f3 \u003Cunknown>\n#6 0x600dcc0ee28a \u003Cunknown>\n#7 0x600dcc0eec5e \u003Cunknown>\n#8 0x600dcc38611b \u003Cunknown>\n#9 0x600dcc38a06b \u003Cunknown>\n#10 0x600dcc372231 \u003Cunknown>\n#11 0x600dcc38abd2 \u003Cunknown>\n#12 0x600dcc3570ef \u003Cunknown>\n#13 0x600dcc3b0f48 \u003Cunknown>\n#14 0x600dcc3b1120 \u003Cunknown>\n#15 0x600dcc3c0f44 \u003Cunknown>\n#16 0x7c84e3097b5a \u003Cunknown>\n"}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command] <- {"value":{"error":"unknown error","message":"unknown error: cannot find Chrome binary","stacktrace":"#0 0x600dcc3c1df3 \u003Cunknown>\n#1 0x600dcc0b04e7 \u003Cunknown>\n#2 0x600dcc0e25b3 \u003Cunknown>\n#3 0x600dcc0e09c0 \u003Cunknown>\n#4 0x600dcc1297f0 \u003Cunknown>\n#5 0x600dcc11d1f3 \u003Cunknown>\n#6 0x600dcc0ee28a \u003Cunknown>\n#7 0x600dcc0eec5e \u003Cunknown>\n#8 0x600dcc38611b \u003Cunknown>\n#9 0x600dcc38a06b \u003Cunknown>\n#10 0x600dcc372231 \u003Cunknown>\n#11 0x600dcc38abd2 \u003Cunknown>\n#12 0x600dcc3570ef \u003Cunknown>\n#13 0x600dcc3b0f48 \u003Cunknown>\n#14 0x600dcc3b1120 \u003Cunknown>\n#15 0x600dcc3c0f44 \u003Cunknown>\n#16 0x7c84e3097b5a \u003Cunknown>\n"}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium Skipping Selenium Manager; path to chromedriver specified in service class: /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium Skipping Selenium Manager; path to chromedriver specified in service class: /home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] Executing Process ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9518"] 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] Executing Process ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9518"] 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Starting process: ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9518"] with {[:out, :err]=>#<IO:<STDERR>>, :pgroup=>true} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Starting process: ["/home/shouichi/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/124.0.6367.155/chromedriver", "--port=9518"] with {[:out, :err]=>#<IO:<STDERR>>, :pgroup=>true} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> pid: 3928404 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> pid: 3928404 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] polling for socket on ["127.0.0.1", 9518] 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:driver_service] polling for socket on ["127.0.0.1", 9518] 
Starting ChromeDriver 124.0.6367.155 (df4f029328b2d50a2a4c02c8952b75245983a0ed-refs/branch-heads/6367@{#1097}) on port 9518
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
Starting ChromeDriver 124.0.6367.155 (df4f029328b2d50a2a4c02c8952b75245983a0ed-refs/branch-heads/6367@{#1097}) on port 9518
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command] -> POST session 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command] -> POST session 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command]    >>> http://127.0.0.1:9518/session | {"capabilities":{"alwaysMatch":{"browserName":"chrome","goog:chromeOptions":{}}}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command]    >>> http://127.0.0.1:9518/session | {"capabilities":{"alwaysMatch":{"browserName":"chrome","goog:chromeOptions":{}}}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:header]      > {"Accept"=>"application/json", "Content-Type"=>"application/json; charset=UTF-8", "User-Agent"=>"selenium/4.20.1 (ruby linux)", "Content-Length"=>"81"} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:header]      > {"Accept"=>"application/json", "Content-Type"=>"application/json; charset=UTF-8", "User-Agent"=>"selenium/4.20.1 (ruby linux)", "Content-Length"=>"81"} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:header]    <<<  {"content-length"=>["689"], "content-type"=>["application/json; charset=utf-8"], "cache-control"=>["no-cache"]} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:header]    <<<  {"content-length"=>["689"], "content-type"=>["application/json; charset=utf-8"], "cache-control"=>["no-cache"]} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command] <- {"value":{"error":"unknown error","message":"unknown error: cannot find Chrome binary","stacktrace":"#0 0x5f20c5b90df3 \u003Cunknown>\n#1 0x5f20c587f4e7 \u003Cunknown>\n#2 0x5f20c58b15b3 \u003Cunknown>\n#3 0x5f20c58af9c0 \u003Cunknown>\n#4 0x5f20c58f87f0 \u003Cunknown>\n#5 0x5f20c58ec1f3 \u003Cunknown>\n#6 0x5f20c58bd28a \u003Cunknown>\n#7 0x5f20c58bdc5e \u003Cunknown>\n#8 0x5f20c5b5511b \u003Cunknown>\n#9 0x5f20c5b5906b \u003Cunknown>\n#10 0x5f20c5b41231 \u003Cunknown>\n#11 0x5f20c5b59bd2 \u003Cunknown>\n#12 0x5f20c5b260ef \u003Cunknown>\n#13 0x5f20c5b7ff48 \u003Cunknown>\n#14 0x5f20c5b80120 \u003Cunknown>\n#15 0x5f20c5b8ff44 \u003Cunknown>\n#16 0x72237bc97b5a \u003Cunknown>\n"}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:command] <- {"value":{"error":"unknown error","message":"unknown error: cannot find Chrome binary","stacktrace":"#0 0x5f20c5b90df3 \u003Cunknown>\n#1 0x5f20c587f4e7 \u003Cunknown>\n#2 0x5f20c58b15b3 \u003Cunknown>\n#3 0x5f20c58af9c0 \u003Cunknown>\n#4 0x5f20c58f87f0 \u003Cunknown>\n#5 0x5f20c58ec1f3 \u003Cunknown>\n#6 0x5f20c58bd28a \u003Cunknown>\n#7 0x5f20c58bdc5e \u003Cunknown>\n#8 0x5f20c5b5511b \u003Cunknown>\n#9 0x5f20c5b5906b \u003Cunknown>\n#10 0x5f20c5b41231 \u003Cunknown>\n#11 0x5f20c5b59bd2 \u003Cunknown>\n#12 0x5f20c5b260ef \u003Cunknown>\n#13 0x5f20c5b7ff48 \u003Cunknown>\n#14 0x5f20c5b80120 \u003Cunknown>\n#15 0x5f20c5b8ff44 \u003Cunknown>\n#16 0x72237bc97b5a \u003Cunknown>\n"}} 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928404 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928404 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Polling 20 seconds for exit of 3928404 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Polling 20 seconds for exit of 3928404 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928404 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928404 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928404 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928404 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928404 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928404 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928404 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928404 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928397 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928397 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Polling 20 seconds for exit of 3928397 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928397 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Polling 20 seconds for exit of 3928397 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928397 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928397 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928397 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928397 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928397 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928397 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928397 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928391 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928391 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Polling 20 seconds for exit of 3928391 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928391 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Polling 20 seconds for exit of 3928391 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928391 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928391 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928391 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928391 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928391 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928391 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928391 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928385 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928385 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Polling 20 seconds for exit of 3928385 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Polling 20 seconds for exit of 3928385 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928385 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:03 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928385 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:04 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928385 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:04 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928385 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:04 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:04 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:04 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928385 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:04 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928385 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:04 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:04 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:04 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928385 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:04 DEBUG Selenium [:process] Checking if 3928385 is exited: 
2024-05-08 15:37:04 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0 
2024-05-08 15:37:04 DEBUG Selenium [:process]   -> exit code is 0

Operating System

ubuntu

Selenium version

ruby 4.20.1

What are the browser(s) and version(s) where you see this issue?

chrome 124.0.6367.155

What are the browser driver(s) and version(s) where you see this issue?

chromedriver 124.0.6367.155

Are you using Selenium Grid?

No response

Footnotes

1. https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/0345a23bebf54aead25bb0f11c9c5c9d63112adc/rb/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_finder.rb#L48-L64 ↩

2. https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/dcfabdbe4e7e53fc757d0ebf89c77349899a35bb/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/system_testing/browser.rb#L77 ↩

3. https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/0345a23bebf54aead25bb0f11c9c5c9d63112adc/rb/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver_finder.rb#L53 ↩

[github-actions]

@shouichi, thank you for creating this issue. We will troubleshoot it as soon as we can.

---

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Thank you!

[diemol]

@titusfortner do you know if this is correct?

[searls]

I am running into the same thing. Unless I pin to 4.19.0 I get Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnknownError: unknown error: cannot find Chrome binary cc/ @p0deje

[p0deje]

Ideally, Rails would not attempt to preload drivers/browsers via a direct API call of Selenium. Reading through the code, this is done to avoid race conditions when running tests in parallel. I think that Selenium should handle this internally so that concurrent attempts to preload the driver/browser would ensure there are no race conditions and wait for the first process to finish downloading, then yield to other binary calls. With this implementation in place, the related part of Rails code can be removed:

https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/dcfabdbe4e7e53fc757d0ebf89c77349899a35bb/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/system_testing/browser.rb#L40-L49

It's a fairly simple change that I can do both in Selenium and Rails, but I am not sure if that suits the Rails users. @searls Do you happen to know if it would be fine for Rails to pin Selenium to say >= 4.20.2 in the next Rails version?

[searls]

It's a fairly simple change that I can do both in Selenium and Rails, but I am not sure if that suits the Rails users. @searls Do you happen to know if it would be fine for Rails to pin Selenium to say >= 4.20.2 in the next Rails version?

I'm not on Rails core so it's not for me to say, but I would wager that simply releasing a fix in Selenium to allow anyone who runs into this to receive the fix via bundle update to a patch release would be plenty to resolve it, regardless

[p0deje]

@searls @shouichi Can you see if 4.21.1 solve the problem for you?

[shouichi]

@p0deje 4.21.1 solved the problem. Thank you!

[diemol]

Great!

[searls]

Confirm: fixed me too