I'm not as used to Debian as I'm used to RedHat, so take this with a grain of salt: Should we update apt cache before installing the packages? There are similar tasks in out Molecule checks but not in the actual roles.
In https://github.com/geerlingguy/ansible-role-mysql @geerlingguy has a task that checks whether the package is already installed. And if not, then her refreshes the apt cache. Should speed up the process significantly.