Get stdlib building again

PR 79186 (#79186) moved one of
the mandatory passes from the C++ implementation to the Swift
implementation resulting in a compiler that is unable to build the
standard library. The pass used to ensure that inaccessible control-flow
positions after an infinite loop was marked with `unreachable` in SIL.
Since the pass is no longer running, any function that returns a value
that also has an infinite loop internally must place a fatalError after
the infinite loop or it will fail to compile as the compiler will
determine that the function does not return from all control flow paths
even though some of the paths are unreachable.

Author: etcwilde

stdlib/public/core/CollectionAlgorithms.swift

@@ -441,6 +441,7 @@ extension MutableCollection where Self: BidirectionalCollection {
       swapAt(lo, hi)
       formIndex(after: &lo)
     }
+    fatalError()
   }
 }
 

stdlib/public/core/Flatten.swift

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ extension FlattenSequence.Iterator: IteratorProtocol {
       _inner = s!.makeIterator()
     }
     while true
+    fatalError()
   }
 }
 

stdlib/public/core/HashTable.swift

@@ -387,6 +387,7 @@ extension _HashTable {
         return unsafe Bucket(word: word, bit: bit)
       }
     }
+    fatalError()
   }
 
   @inlinable
@@ -414,6 +415,7 @@ extension _HashTable {
         return unsafe Bucket(word: word, bit: bit)
       }
     }
+    fatalError()
   }
 }
 

stdlib/public/core/Join.swift

@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ extension JoinedSequence.Iterator: IteratorProtocol {
         return nil
       }
     }
+    fatalError()
   }
 }
 

stdlib/public/core/KeyPath.swift

@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ public class AnyKeyPath: _AppendKeyPath {
 
         if optNextType == nil { return .some(offset) }
       }
+      fatalError()
     }
     #else
     // compiler optimizes _storedInlineOffset into a direct offset computation,
@@ -271,6 +272,7 @@ extension AnyKeyPath: Hashable {
             return true
           }
         }
+        fatalError()
       }
     }
   }
@@ -432,6 +434,7 @@ public class KeyPath<Root, Value>: PartialKeyPath<Root> {
             }
           }
         }
+        fatalError()
       }
     }
   }

stdlib/public/core/SequenceAlgorithms.swift

@@ -332,6 +332,7 @@ extension Sequence {
       case (nil, nil):           return true
       }
     }
+    fatalError()
   }
 }
 
@@ -425,6 +426,7 @@ extension Sequence {
         return false
       }
     }
+    fatalError()
   }
 }
 

stdlib/public/core/StringComparison.swift

@@ -265,6 +265,7 @@ private func _findBoundary(
 
     unsafe idx &-= _utf8ScalarLength(utf8, endingAt: idx)
   }
+  fatalError()
 }
 
 @frozen

stdlib/public/core/StringUTF16View.swift

@@ -945,6 +945,7 @@ extension String.UTF16View {
 
         readIdx &+= len
       }
+      fatalError()
     }
   }
 

stdlib/public/core/UTF16.swift

@@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ extension Unicode.UTF16 {
         return (utf16Count, utf16BitUnion < 0x80)
       }
     }
+    fatalError()
   }
 }
 

stdlib/public/core/Unicode.swift

@@ -585,6 +585,7 @@ public func transcode<
     }
     OutputEncoding.encodedReplacementCharacter.forEach(processCodeUnit)
   }
+  fatalError()
 }
 
 /// Instances of conforming types are used in internal `String`