diff --git a/Sources/SwiftDriver/IncrementalCompilation/BuildRecordInfo.swift b/Sources/SwiftDriver/IncrementalCompilation/BuildRecordInfo.swift
index ea8efc299..ce6e94d24 100644
--- a/Sources/SwiftDriver/IncrementalCompilation/BuildRecordInfo.swift
+++ b/Sources/SwiftDriver/IncrementalCompilation/BuildRecordInfo.swift
@@ -109,8 +109,7 @@ import SwiftOptions
     var parsedOptions = parsedOptionsArg
     let hashInput = parsedOptions
       .filter { $0.option.affectsIncrementalBuild && $0.option.kind != .input}
-      .map { $0.option.spelling }
-      .sorted()
+      .map { $0.description } // The description includes the spelling of the option itself and, if present, its argument(s).
       .joined()
     return SHA256().hash(hashInput).hexadecimalRepresentation
   }
diff --git a/Tests/SwiftDriverTests/IncrementalCompilationTests.swift b/Tests/SwiftDriverTests/IncrementalCompilationTests.swift
index a0a847d0e..f026f41be 100644
--- a/Tests/SwiftDriverTests/IncrementalCompilationTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/SwiftDriverTests/IncrementalCompilationTests.swift
@@ -537,6 +537,74 @@ extension IncrementalCompilationTests {
   }
 }
 
+// MARK: - Incremental argument hashing tests
+extension IncrementalCompilationTests {
+  func testNullBuildWhenAddingAndRemovingArgumentsNotAffectingIncrementalBuilds() throws {
+    // Adding, removing, or changing the arguments of options which don't affect incremental builds should result in a null build.
+    try buildInitialState(extraArguments: ["-driver-batch-size-limit", "5", "-debug-diagnostic-names"])
+    let driver = try checkNullBuild(extraArguments: ["-driver-batch-size-limit", "10", "-diagnostic-style", "swift"])
+    let mandatoryJobs = try XCTUnwrap(driver.incrementalCompilationState?.mandatoryJobsInOrder)
+    XCTAssertTrue(mandatoryJobs.isEmpty)
+  }
+
+  func testChangingOptionArgumentLeadsToRecompile() throws {
+    // If an option affects incremental builds, changing only the argument should trigger a full recompile.
+    try buildInitialState(extraArguments: ["-user-module-version", "1.0"])
+    try doABuild(
+      "change user module version",
+      checkDiagnostics: true,
+      extraArguments: ["-user-module-version", "1.1"],
+      whenAutolinking: autolinkLifecycleExpectedDiags
+    ) {
+      enablingCrossModule
+      differentArgsPassed
+      disablingIncrementalDifferentArgsPassed
+      createdGraphFromSwiftdeps
+      findingBatchingCompiling("main", "other")
+      reading(deps: "main", "other")
+      schedLinking
+    }
+  }
+
+  func testOptionReorderingLeadsToRecompile() throws {
+    // Reordering options which affect incremental builds should trigger a full recompile.
+    try buildInitialState(extraArguments: ["-warnings-as-errors", "-no-warnings-as-errors"])
+    try doABuild(
+      "change user module version",
+      checkDiagnostics: true,
+      extraArguments: ["-no-warnings-as-errors", "-warnings-as-errors"],
+      whenAutolinking: autolinkLifecycleExpectedDiags
+    ) {
+      enablingCrossModule
+      differentArgsPassed
+      disablingIncrementalDifferentArgsPassed
+      createdGraphFromSwiftdeps
+      findingBatchingCompiling("main", "other")
+      reading(deps: "main", "other")
+      schedLinking
+    }
+  }
+
+  func testArgumentReorderingLeadsToRecompile() throws {
+    // Reordering the arguments of an option which affect incremental builds should trigger a full recompile.
+    try buildInitialState(extraArguments: ["-Ifoo", "-Ibar"])
+    try doABuild(
+      "change user module version",
+      checkDiagnostics: true,
+      extraArguments: ["-Ibar", "-Ifoo"],
+      whenAutolinking: autolinkLifecycleExpectedDiags
+    ) {
+      enablingCrossModule
+      differentArgsPassed
+      disablingIncrementalDifferentArgsPassed
+      createdGraphFromSwiftdeps
+      findingBatchingCompiling("main", "other")
+      reading(deps: "main", "other")
+      schedLinking
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 // MARK: - Incremental test stages
 extension IncrementalCompilationTests {
   /// Setup the initial post-build state.
@@ -1390,6 +1458,12 @@ extension DiagVerifiable {
   @DiagsBuilder var disablingIncrementalCannotReadBuildRecord: [Diagnostic.Message] {
     "Incremental compilation: Disabling incremental build: could not read build record"
   }
+  @DiagsBuilder var differentArgsPassed: [Diagnostic.Message] {
+      "Incremental compilation: Incremental compilation has been disabled, because different arguments were passed to the compiler"
+  }
+  @DiagsBuilder var disablingIncrementalDifferentArgsPassed: [Diagnostic.Message] {
+      "Incremental compilation: Disabling incremental build: different arguments were passed to the compiler"
+  }
   @DiagsBuilder var missingMainDependencyEntry: [Diagnostic.Message] {
     .warning("ignoring -incremental; output file map has no master dependencies entry (\"swift-dependencies\" under \"\")")
   }