diff --git a/schemes.tex b/schemes.tex index 800d033e..b7ac7695 100644 --- a/schemes.tex +++ b/schemes.tex @@ -3562,22 +3562,47 @@ \section{Quasi-compact morphisms} \begin{lemma} \label{lemma-quasi-compact-affine} Let $f : X \to S$ be a morphism of schemes. -The following are equivalent +The following are equivalent: \begin{enumerate} \item $f : X \to S$ is quasi-compact, -\item the inverse image of every affine open is quasi-compact, and +\item the inverse image of every affine open is quasi-compact, +\item there is an open cover $S=\bigcup_{i\in I} U_i$ +such that the restriction $f^{-1}(U_i)\to U_i$ +is quasi-compact for all $i$, and \item there exists some affine open covering $S = \bigcup_{i \in I} U_i$ such that $f^{-1}(U_i)$ is quasi-compact for all $i$. \end{enumerate} \end{lemma} \begin{proof} +(1)$\Rightarrow$(2). +Affine schemes are quasi-compact, +see Algebra, Lemma \ref{algebra-lemma-quasi-compact}. + +\medskip\noindent +(2)$\Rightarrow$(1). +Let $K \subset S$ be any quasi-compact open. Since $S$ has a basis +of the topology consisting of affine opens we see that $K$ is a finite +union of affine opens. Hence the inverse image of $K$ is a finite +union of affine opens. Hence $f$ is quasi-compact. + +\medskip\noindent +(1)$\Rightarrow$(3). Trivial. + +\medskip\noindent +(3)$\Rightarrow$(4). +For each $i\in I$, take an open affine cover $U_i=\bigcup_{k\in K_i}V_{ik}$, +so $f^{-1}(V_{ik})$ is quasi-compact. +The cover $Y=\bigcup_{i\in I}\bigcup_{k\in K_i}V_{ik}$ suffices. + +\medskip\noindent +(4)$\Rightarrow$(1). Suppose we are given a covering $S = \bigcup_{i \in I} U_i$ as in (3). -First, let $U \subset S$ be any affine open. For any $u \in U$ +First, let $U \subset S$ be any quasi-compact open subset. For any $u \in U$ we can find an index $i(u) \in I$ such that $u \in U_{i(u)}$. As standard opens form a basis for the topology on $U_{i(u)}$ we can find -$W_u \subset U \cap U_{i(u)}$ which is standard open in $U_{i(u)}$. -By compactness we can find finitely many points $u_1, \ldots, u_n \in U$ +$W_u \subset U \cap U_{i(u)}$ containing $u$ which is standard open in $U_{i(u)}$. +By quasi-compactness we can find finitely many points $u_1, \ldots, u_n \in U$ such that $U = \bigcup_{j = 1}^n W_{u_j}$. For each $j$ write $f^{-1}U_{i(u_j)} = \bigcup_{k \in K_j} V_{jk}$ as a finite union of affine opens. Since $W_{u_j} \subset U_{i(u_j)}$ is a standard @@ -3585,20 +3610,8 @@ \section{Quasi-compact morphisms} open of $V_{jk}$, see Algebra, Lemma \ref{algebra-lemma-spec-functorial}. Hence $f^{-1}(W_{u_j}) \cap V_{jk}$ is affine, and so $f^{-1}(W_{u_j})$ is a finite union of affines. This proves that the -inverse image of any affine open is a finite union of affine opens. - -\medskip\noindent -Next, assume that the inverse image of every affine open is a finite -union of affine opens. -Let $K \subset S$ be any quasi-compact open. Since $S$ has a basis -of the topology consisting of affine opens we see that $K$ is a finite -union of affine opens. Hence the inverse image of $K$ is a finite -union of affine opens. Hence $f$ is quasi-compact. - -\medskip\noindent -Finally, assume that $f$ is quasi-compact. In this case the argument -of the previous paragraph shows that the inverse image of any affine -is a finite union of affine opens. +inverse image of any quasi-compact open is a finite union of affine opens and, +hence, quasi-compact. \end{proof} \begin{lemma} @@ -4072,6 +4085,64 @@ \section{Separation axioms} which is not quasi-compact. \end{example} +\begin{lemma} +\label{quasi-separated-local-target} +\begin{slogan} +(quasi-)separatedness is local on the target. +\end{slogan} +For all morphisms of schemes $f:X\to Y$ and all open covers $Y=\bigcup V_i$, +we have that $f$ is quasi-separated if and only if +$f|_{f^{-1}(V_i)}:f^{-1}(V_i)\to V_i$ is quasi-separated, for all $i$. +The same is true if we substitute ``quasi-separated'' by ``separated.'' +\end{lemma} + +\begin{proof} +Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a property of morphisms of schemes stable +under pre- and postcompositions with isomorphisms +(i.e., $g\circ f$ and $f\circ h$ have $\mathcal{P}$ +provided that $f$ has $\mathcal{P}$, for all isos $g,h$ +such that the composites make sense). +We say that a morphism of schemes $f:X\to Y$ has $\Delta_\mathcal{P}$ +if the diagonal map $\Delta_{X/Y}$ has $\mathcal{P}$. +(The ``isomorphism-stable'' condition on $\mathcal{P}$ is to guarantee +that $\Delta_\mathcal{P}$ does not depend on the choice of fibre product.) +We say that $\mathcal{P}$ is {\it local on the target} +if for all morphisms of schemes $f:X\to Y$ and all open covers $Y=\bigcup V_i$, +we have that $f$ has $\mathcal{P}$ if and only if +$f|_{f^{-1}(V_i)}:f^{-1}(V_i)\to V_i$ has $\mathcal{P}$. +We shall prove that if $\mathcal{P}$ is local on the target, +then so is $\Delta_\mathcal{P}$. +The statement will follow then from this result plus +Lemmas \ref{lemma-quasi-compact-affine} and +\ref{lemma-closed-local-target}. + +\medskip\noindent +Let $f:X\to Y$ be a morphism of schemes. + +\medskip\noindent +Suppose first $f$ has $\mathcal{P}$, let $V\subset Y$ be open and call $U=f^{-1}(V)$. +Note that $U\times_Y U=U\times_V U$ is an open subscheme of $X\times_Y X$ +(Lemma \ref{lemma-open-fibre-product}). Since $\Delta_f$ has $\mathcal{P}$, +then so does $\Delta_{X/Y}|_{U}:U=\Delta_{X/Y}^{-1}(U\times_V U)\to U\times_V U$. +But this map is $\Delta_{U/V}$. + +\medskip\noindent +Conversely, suppose there is an open cover $Y=\bigcup_{i\in I}V_i$ +such that $f|_{U_i}:U_i\to V_i$ has $\Delta_\mathcal{P}$ for all $i\in I$, +where $U_i=f^{-1}(V_i)$, i.e., $\Delta_{U_i/V_i}$ has $\mathcal{P}$. +But $\Delta_{U_i/V_i}$ can be identified with +$\Delta_{X/Y}|_{U_i}:U_i +=\Delta_{X/Y}^{-1}(U_i\times_{V_i}U_i) +\to U_i\times_{V_i}U_i\subset X\times_Y X$. +It suffices to argue then that the sets $U_i\times_{V_i}U_i$ cover $X\times_Y X$. +This follows from the facts +(i) $U_i\times_{V_i}U_i=p^{-1}(U_i)\cap q^{-1}(U_i)$, +where $X\xleftarrow{p}X\times_Y X\xrightarrow{q}X$ are the canonical projections +(Lemma \ref{lemma-open-fibre-product}), +(ii) $f\circ p=f\circ q$, and +(iii) the sets $V_i$ cover $Y$. +\end{proof} + \begin{lemma} \label{lemma-where-are-they-equal} Let $X$, $Y$ be schemes over $S$.