Support for Ed25519 Host- and Private-Keys

Author: darinkes

THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.TXT

@@ -53,3 +53,21 @@ SHA512
         written by Christian Winnerlein (CodesInChaos)
         public domain
         directly from the specification
+
+License notice for BCrypt
+-------------------------
+
+Copyright (c) 2006 Damien Miller <[email protected]>
+Copyright (c) 2010 Ryan D. Emerle
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

src/Renci.SshNet.NET35/Renci.SshNet.NET35.csproj

@@ -608,6 +608,9 @@
     <Compile Include="..\Renci.SshNet\Security\Cryptography\AsymmetricCipher.cs">
       <Link>Security\Cryptography\AsymmetricCipher.cs</Link>
     </Compile>
+    <Compile Include="..\Renci.SshNet\Security\Cryptography\Bcrypt.cs">
+      <Link>Security\Cryptography\Bcrypt.cs</Link>
+    </Compile>
     <Compile Include="..\Renci.SshNet\Security\Cryptography\BlockCipher.cs">
       <Link>Security\Cryptography\BlockCipher.cs</Link>
     </Compile>
@@ -987,4 +990,4 @@
   <Target Name="AfterBuild">
   </Target>
   -->
-</Project>
+</Project>

src/Renci.SshNet.Tests/Classes/PrivateKeyFileTest.cs

@@ -545,6 +545,34 @@ public void ConstructorWithFileNameAndPassPhraseShouldBeAbleToReadFileThatIsShar
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A test for opening an openssh v1 keyfile where there is no passphrase.
+        ///</summary>
+        [TestMethod()]
+        [Owner("bhalbright")]
+        [TestCategory("PrivateKey")]
+        public void TestOpenSshV1KeyFileNoPassphrase()
+        {
+            using (var stream = GetData("Key.OPENSSH.ED25519.txt"))
+            {
+                new PrivateKeyFile(stream);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A test for opening an openssh v1 keyfile where there is a passphrase.
+        ///</summary>
+        [TestMethod()]
+        [Owner("bhalbright")]
+        [TestCategory("PrivateKey")]
+        public void TestOpenSshV1KeyFileWithPassphrase()
+        {
+            using (var stream = GetData("Key.OPENSSH.ED25519.Encrypted.txt"))
+            {
+                new PrivateKeyFile(stream, "password");
+            }
+        }
+
         private void SaveStreamToFile(Stream stream, string fileName)
         {
             var buffer = new byte[4000];
@@ -567,4 +595,4 @@ private string GetTempFileName()
             return tempFile;
         }
     }
-}
+}

src/Renci.SshNet.Tests/Data/Key.OPENSSH.ED25519.Encrypted.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
+b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAACmFlczI1Ni1jYmMAAAAGYmNyeXB0AAAAGAAAABBg
+HWh+J0IG6OfYxD74SoT9AAAAEAAAAAEAAAAzAAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIGFd
+yflleGqSPOhgSYZf7ZQFlG0zEL9VDGC69UbtaaByAAAAoDLm8u8wFwlqjzZRfVxj
+wzGTYFJFtfkHRqfFBE4xKgknHNRbCT1OQb7rgE7nZbUXIlb1NCTZLbXti9AYNZpz
+ycvPD4Dc6lB03b8pNHoFVSkrCwxrWB5bKtIM4OZNcDK1lZDBEWE2aZXf9puRHbu3
+ccrK/F5GjRi2pUa8qnfqThN1mNPZwFTx4oSKeRaUMdeHBrNwDtaxq32A6Q4KHoYO
+KPM=
+-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----

src/Renci.SshNet.Tests/Data/Key.OPENSSH.ED25519.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
+b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAABG5vbmUAAAAEbm9uZQAAAAAAAAABAAAAMwAAAAtz
+c2gtZWQyNTUxOQAAACANCWZw0K8UGXDQC32WBuyzwFtTGBBr1VuZ43uzpTBjIgAA
+AKBATgCiQE4AogAAAAtzc2gtZWQyNTUxOQAAACANCWZw0K8UGXDQC32WBuyzwFtT
+GBBr1VuZ43uzpTBjIgAAAEAAzBF1MPUxrs+ycpJh28zzo/F3m6WcKO+orsSbR5Lw
+KQ0JZnDQrxQZcNALfZYG7LPAW1MYEGvVW5nje7OlMGMiAAAAFGVkMjU1MTkta2V5
+LTIwMTgxMTI3AQIDBAUGBwgJ
+-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----

src/Renci.SshNet.Tests/Renci.SshNet.Tests.csproj

@@ -719,6 +719,10 @@
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Data\Key.ECDSA384.Encrypted.txt" />
     <EmbeddedResource Include="Data\Key.ECDSA521.Encrypted.txt" />
   </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Data\Key.OPENSSH.ED25519.Encrypted.txt" />
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Data\Key.OPENSSH.ED25519.txt" />
+  </ItemGroup>
   <Import Project="$(MSBuildBinPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
   <!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it. 
        Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.

src/Renci.SshNet/ConnectionInfo.cs

@@ -378,6 +378,7 @@ public ConnectionInfo(string host, int port, string username, ProxyTypes proxyTy
 
             HostKeyAlgorithms = new Dictionary<string, Func<byte[], KeyHostAlgorithm>>
                 {
+                    {"ssh-ed25519", data => new KeyHostAlgorithm("ssh-ed25519", new ED25519Key(), data)},
 #if FEATURE_ECDSA
                     {"ecdsa-sha2-nistp256", data => new KeyHostAlgorithm("ecdsa-sha2-nistp256", new EcdsaKey(), data)},
                     {"ecdsa-sha2-nistp384", data => new KeyHostAlgorithm("ecdsa-sha2-nistp384", new EcdsaKey(), data)},

src/Renci.SshNet/PrivateKeyFile.cs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 using Renci.SshNet.Security.Cryptography.Ciphers.Modes;
 using Renci.SshNet.Security.Cryptography.Ciphers.Paddings;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using Renci.SshNet.Security.Cryptography;
 
 namespace Renci.SshNet
 {
@@ -25,13 +26,16 @@ namespace Renci.SshNet
     /// The following private keys are supported:
     /// <list type="bullet">
     ///     <item>
-    ///         <description>RSA in OpenSSH and ssh.com format</description>
+    ///         <description>RSA in OpenSSL PEM and ssh.com format</description>
     ///     </item>
     ///     <item>
-    ///         <description>DSA in OpenSSH and ssh.com format</description>
+    ///         <description>DSA in OpenSSL PEM and ssh.com format</description>
     ///     </item>
     ///     <item>
-    ///         <description>ECDSA 256/384/521 in OpenSSH format</description>
+    ///         <description>ECDSA 256/384/521 in OpenSSL PEM format</description>
+    ///     </item>
+    ///     <item>
+    ///         <description>ED25519 in OpenSSH key format</description>
     ///     </item>
     /// </list>
     /// </para>
@@ -214,6 +218,10 @@ private void Open(Stream privateKey, string passPhrase)
                     HostKey = new KeyHostAlgorithm(_key.ToString(), _key);
                     break;
 #endif
+                case "OPENSSH":
+                    _key = ParseOpenSshV1Key(decryptedData, passPhrase);
+                    HostKey = new KeyHostAlgorithm(_key.ToString(), _key);
+                    break;
                 case "SSH2 ENCRYPTED":
                     var reader = new SshDataReader(decryptedData);
                     var magicNumber = reader.ReadUInt32();
@@ -358,7 +366,145 @@ private static byte[] DecryptKey(CipherInfo cipherInfo, byte[] cipherData, strin
             return cipher.Decrypt(cipherData);
         }
 
-#region IDisposable Members
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses an OpenSSH V1 key file (i.e. ED25519 key) according to the the key spec:
+        /// https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/blob/master/PROTOCOL.key.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="keyFileData">the key file data (i.e. base64 encoded data between the header/footer)</param>
+        /// <param name="passPhrase">passphrase or null if there isn't one</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private ED25519Key ParseOpenSshV1Key(byte [] keyFileData, string passPhrase)
+        {
+            var keyReader = new SshDataReader(keyFileData);
+
+            //check magic header
+            var authMagic = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("openssh-key-v1\0");
+            var keyHeaderBytes = keyReader.ReadBytes(authMagic.Length);
+            if (!authMagic.IsEqualTo(keyHeaderBytes))
+            {
+                throw new SshException("This openssh key does not contain the 'openssh-key-v1' format magic header");
+            }
+
+            //cipher will be "aes256-cbc" if using a passphrase, "none" otherwise
+            var cipherName = keyReader.ReadString(Encoding.UTF8);
+            //key derivation function (kdf): bcrypt or nothing
+            var kdfName = keyReader.ReadString(Encoding.UTF8);
+            //kdf options length: 24 if passphrase, 0 if no passphrase
+            var kdfOptionsLen = (int)keyReader.ReadUInt32();
+            byte[] salt = null;
+            int rounds = 0;
+            if (kdfOptionsLen > 0)
+            {
+                var saltLength = (int)keyReader.ReadUInt32();
+                salt = keyReader.ReadBytes(saltLength);
+                rounds = (int)keyReader.ReadUInt32();
+            }
+
+            //number of public keys, only supporting 1 for now
+            var numberOfPublicKeys = (int)keyReader.ReadUInt32();
+            if (numberOfPublicKeys != 1)
+            {
+                throw new SshException("At this time only one public key in the openssh key is supported.");
+            }
+
+            //length of first public key section
+            keyReader.ReadUInt32();
+            var keyType = keyReader.ReadString(Encoding.UTF8);
+            if(keyType != "ssh-ed25519")
+            {
+                throw new SshException("openssh key type: " + keyType + " is not supported");
+            }
+
+            //read public key
+            var publicKeyLength = (int)keyReader.ReadUInt32(); //32
+            var publicKey = keyReader.ReadBytes(publicKeyLength);
+
+            //possibly encrypted private key
+            var privateKeyLength = (int)keyReader.ReadUInt32();
+            var privateKeyBytes = keyReader.ReadBytes(privateKeyLength);
+
+            //decrypt private key if necessary
+            if (cipherName == "aes256-cbc")
+            {
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(passPhrase))
+                {
+                    throw new SshPassPhraseNullOrEmptyException("Private key is encrypted but passphrase is empty.");
+                }
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(kdfName) || kdfName != "bcrypt")
+                {
+                    throw new SshException("kdf " + kdfName + " is not supported for openssh key file");
+                }
+
+                //inspired by the SSHj library (https://github.com/hierynomus/sshj)
+                //apply the kdf to derive a key and iv from the passphrase
+                var passPhraseBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(passPhrase);
+                byte[] keyiv = new byte[48];
+                new BCrypt().Pbkdf(passPhraseBytes, salt, rounds, keyiv);
+                byte[] key = new byte[32];
+                Array.Copy(keyiv, 0, key, 0, 32);
+                byte[] iv = new byte[16];
+                Array.Copy(keyiv, 32, iv, 0, 16);
+
+                //now that we have the key/iv, use a cipher to decrypt the bytes
+                var cipher = new AesCipher(key, new CbcCipherMode(iv), new PKCS7Padding());
+                privateKeyBytes = cipher.Decrypt(privateKeyBytes);
+            }
+            else if (cipherName != "none")
+            {
+                throw new SshException("cipher name " + cipherName + " for openssh key file is not supported");
+            }
+
+            //validate private key length
+            privateKeyLength = privateKeyBytes.Length;
+            if (privateKeyLength % 8 != 0)
+            {
+                throw new SshException("The private key section must be a multiple of the block size (8)");
+            }
+
+            //now parse the data we called the private key, it actually contains the public key again
+            //so we need to parse through it to get the private key bytes, plus there's some
+            //validation we need to do.
+            var privateKeyReader = new SshDataReader(privateKeyBytes);
+
+            //check ints should match, they wouldn't match for example if the wrong passphrase was supplied
+            int checkInt1 = (int)privateKeyReader.ReadUInt32();
+            int checkInt2 = (int)privateKeyReader.ReadUInt32();
+            if (checkInt1 != checkInt2)
+            {
+                throw new SshException("The checkints differed, the openssh key was not correctly decoded.");
+            }
+
+            //key type, we already know it is ssh-ed25519
+            privateKeyReader.ReadString(Encoding.UTF8);
+
+            //public key length/bytes (again)
+            var publicKeyLength2 = (int)privateKeyReader.ReadUInt32();
+            privateKeyReader.ReadBytes(publicKeyLength2);
+
+            //length of private and public key (64)
+            privateKeyReader.ReadUInt32();
+            var unencryptedPrivateKey = privateKeyReader.ReadBytes(32);
+            //public key (again)
+            privateKeyReader.ReadBytes(32);
+
+            //comment, we don't need this but we could log it, not sure if necessary
+            var comment = privateKeyReader.ReadString(Encoding.UTF8);
+
+            //The list of privatekey/comment pairs is padded with the bytes 1, 2, 3, ...
+            //until the total length is a multiple of the cipher block size.
+            var padding = privateKeyReader.ReadBytes();
+            for (int i = 0; i < padding.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if ((int)padding[i] != i + 1)
+                {
+                    throw new SshException("Padding of openssh key format contained wrong byte at position: " + i);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return new ED25519Key(publicKey.Reverse(), unencryptedPrivateKey);
+        }
+
+        #region IDisposable Members
 
         private bool _isDisposed;
 
@@ -426,6 +572,11 @@ public SshDataReader(byte[] data)
                 return base.ReadBytes(length);
             }
 
+            public new byte[] ReadBytes()
+            {
+                return base.ReadBytes();
+            }
+
             /// <summary>
             /// Reads next mpint data type from internal buffer where length specified in bits.
             /// </summary>

src/Renci.SshNet/Renci.SshNet.csproj

@@ -303,8 +303,11 @@
     <Compile Include="Security\Chaos.NaCl\Internal\Sha512Internal.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Security\Chaos.NaCl\MontgomeryCurve25519.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Security\Chaos.NaCl\Sha512.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Security\Cryptography\ED25519DigitalSignature.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Security\Cryptography\EcdsaDigitalSignature.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Security\Cryptography\EcdsaKey.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Security\Cryptography\ED25519Key.cs" />
+    <Compile Include="Security\Cryptography\Bcrypt.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Security\Cryptography\HMACMD5.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Security\Cryptography\HMACSHA1.cs" />
     <Compile Include="Security\Cryptography\HMACSHA256.cs" />
@@ -622,4 +625,4 @@
   <Target Name="AfterBuild">
   </Target>
   -->
-</Project>
+</Project>