diff --git a/compiler/rustc_privacy/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_privacy/src/lib.rs
index 85646b575bff6..e87bac6114dd6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_privacy/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_privacy/src/lib.rs
@@ -75,6 +75,9 @@ pub trait DefIdVisitor<'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn tcx(&self) -> TyCtxt<'tcx>;
+    /// NOTE: Def-id visiting should be idempotent (or at least produce duplicated errors),
+    /// because `DefIdVisitorSkeleton` will use caching and sometimes avoid visiting duplicate
+    /// def-ids. All the current visitors follow this rule.
     fn visit_def_id(&mut self, def_id: DefId, kind: &str, descr: &dyn fmt::Display)
     -> Self::Result;
 
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ pub trait DefIdVisitor<'tcx> {
     fn skeleton(&mut self) -> DefIdVisitorSkeleton<'_, 'tcx, Self> {
         DefIdVisitorSkeleton {
             def_id_visitor: self,
-            visited_opaque_tys: Default::default(),
+            visited_tys: Default::default(),
             dummy: Default::default(),
         }
     }
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ pub trait DefIdVisitor<'tcx> {
 
 pub struct DefIdVisitorSkeleton<'v, 'tcx, V: ?Sized> {
     def_id_visitor: &'v mut V,
-    visited_opaque_tys: FxHashSet<DefId>,
+    visited_tys: FxHashSet<Ty<'tcx>>,
     dummy: PhantomData<TyCtxt<'tcx>>,
 }
 
@@ -183,7 +186,8 @@ where
         let tcx = self.def_id_visitor.tcx();
         // GenericArgs are not visited here because they are visited below
         // in `super_visit_with`.
-        match *ty.kind() {
+        let ty_kind = *ty.kind();
+        match ty_kind {
             ty::Adt(ty::AdtDef(Interned(&ty::AdtDefData { did: def_id, .. }, _)), ..)
             | ty::Foreign(def_id)
             | ty::FnDef(def_id, ..)
@@ -197,7 +201,7 @@ where
                 // Default type visitor doesn't visit signatures of fn types.
                 // Something like `fn() -> Priv {my_func}` is considered a private type even if
                 // `my_func` is public, so we need to visit signatures.
-                if let ty::FnDef(..) = ty.kind() {
+                if let ty::FnDef(..) = ty_kind {
                     // FIXME: this should probably use `args` from `FnDef`
                     try_visit!(tcx.fn_sig(def_id).instantiate_identity().visit_with(self));
                 }
@@ -220,6 +224,12 @@ where
                     // free type aliases, but this isn't done yet.
                     return V::Result::output();
                 }
+                if !self.visited_tys.insert(ty) {
+                    // Avoid repeatedly visiting alias types (including projections).
+                    // This helps with special cases like #145741, but doesn't introduce
+                    // too much overhead in general case, unlike caching for other types.
+                    return V::Result::output();
+                }
 
                 try_visit!(self.def_id_visitor.visit_def_id(
                     data.def_id,
@@ -259,7 +269,7 @@ where
             }
             ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, .. }) => {
                 // Skip repeated `Opaque`s to avoid infinite recursion.
-                if self.visited_opaque_tys.insert(def_id) {
+                if self.visited_tys.insert(ty) {
                     // The intent is to treat `impl Trait1 + Trait2` identically to
                     // `dyn Trait1 + Trait2`. Therefore we ignore def-id of the opaque type itself
                     // (it either has no visibility, or its visibility is insignificant, like
@@ -929,7 +939,7 @@ impl<'tcx> NamePrivacyVisitor<'tcx> {
 
     // Checks that a field in a struct constructor (expression or pattern) is accessible.
     fn check_field(
-        &mut self,
+        &self,
         hir_id: hir::HirId,    // ID of the field use
         use_ctxt: Span,        // syntax context of the field name at the use site
         def: ty::AdtDef<'tcx>, // definition of the struct or enum
@@ -947,7 +957,7 @@ impl<'tcx> NamePrivacyVisitor<'tcx> {
 
     // Checks that a field in a struct constructor (expression or pattern) is accessible.
     fn emit_unreachable_field_error(
-        &mut self,
+        &self,
         fields: Vec<(Symbol, Span, bool /* field is present */)>,
         def: ty::AdtDef<'tcx>, // definition of the struct or enum
         update_syntax: Option<Span>,
@@ -1010,7 +1020,7 @@ impl<'tcx> NamePrivacyVisitor<'tcx> {
     }
 
     fn check_expanded_fields(
-        &mut self,
+        &self,
         adt: ty::AdtDef<'tcx>,
         variant: &'tcx ty::VariantDef,
         fields: &[hir::ExprField<'tcx>],
@@ -1148,7 +1158,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypePrivacyVisitor<'tcx> {
         result.is_break()
     }
 
-    fn check_def_id(&mut self, def_id: DefId, kind: &str, descr: &dyn fmt::Display) -> bool {
+    fn check_def_id(&self, def_id: DefId, kind: &str, descr: &dyn fmt::Display) -> bool {
         let is_error = !self.item_is_accessible(def_id);
         if is_error {
             self.tcx.dcx().emit_err(ItemIsPrivate { span: self.span, kind, descr: descr.into() });
@@ -1405,7 +1415,7 @@ impl SearchInterfaceForPrivateItemsVisitor<'_> {
         self
     }
 
-    fn check_def_id(&mut self, def_id: DefId, kind: &str, descr: &dyn fmt::Display) -> bool {
+    fn check_def_id(&self, def_id: DefId, kind: &str, descr: &dyn fmt::Display) -> bool {
         if self.leaks_private_dep(def_id) {
             self.tcx.emit_node_span_lint(
                 lint::builtin::EXPORTED_PRIVATE_DEPENDENCIES,