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gh-128813: cleanup C-API docs for PyComplexObject
* move non-deprecated API up * make a dedicated section for deprecated low-leved API
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‎Doc/c-api/complex.rst‎

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.. _complexobjects:
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Complex Number Objects
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----------------------
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======================
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.. index:: pair: object; complex number
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Python's complex number objects are implemented as two distinct types when
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viewed from the C API: one is the Python object exposed to Python programs, and
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the other is a C structure which represents the actual complex number value.
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The API provides functions for working with both.
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Complex Numbers as C Structures
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Note that the functions which accept these structures as parameters and return
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them as results do so *by value* rather than dereferencing them through
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pointers. This is consistent throughout the API.
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.. c:type:: Py_complex
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The C structure which corresponds to the value portion of a Python complex
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number object. Most of the functions for dealing with complex number objects
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use structures of this type as input or output values, as appropriate.
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.. c:member:: double real
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double imag
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The structure is defined as::
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typedef struct {
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double real;
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double imag;
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} Py_complex;
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.. c:function:: Py_complex _Py_c_sum(Py_complex left, Py_complex right)
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Return the sum of two complex numbers, using the C :c:type:`Py_complex`
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representation.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15
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This function is :term:`soft deprecated`.
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.. c:function:: Py_complex _Py_c_diff(Py_complex left, Py_complex right)
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Return the difference between two complex numbers, using the C
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:c:type:`Py_complex` representation.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15
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This function is :term:`soft deprecated`.
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.. c:function:: Py_complex _Py_c_neg(Py_complex num)
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Return the negation of the complex number *num*, using the C
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:c:type:`Py_complex` representation.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15
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This function is :term:`soft deprecated`.
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.. c:function:: Py_complex _Py_c_prod(Py_complex left, Py_complex right)
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Return the product of two complex numbers, using the C :c:type:`Py_complex`
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representation.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15
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This function is :term:`soft deprecated`.
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.. c:function:: Py_complex _Py_c_quot(Py_complex dividend, Py_complex divisor)
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Return the quotient of two complex numbers, using the C :c:type:`Py_complex`
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representation.
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If *divisor* is null, this method returns zero and sets
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:c:data:`errno` to :c:macro:`!EDOM`.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15
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This function is :term:`soft deprecated`.
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.. c:function:: Py_complex _Py_c_pow(Py_complex num, Py_complex exp)
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Return the exponentiation of *num* by *exp*, using the C :c:type:`Py_complex`
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representation.
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If *num* is null and *exp* is not a positive real number,
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this method returns zero and sets :c:data:`errno` to :c:macro:`!EDOM`.
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Set :c:data:`errno` to :c:macro:`!ERANGE` on overflows.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15
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This function is :term:`soft deprecated`.
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.. c:function:: double _Py_c_abs(Py_complex num)
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Return the absolute value of the complex number *num*.
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Set :c:data:`errno` to :c:macro:`!ERANGE` on overflows.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15
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This function is :term:`soft deprecated`.
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Complex Numbers as Python Objects
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. c:type:: PyComplexObject
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:c:type:`PyComplexObject`. This function always succeeds.
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.. c:function:: PyObject* PyComplex_FromCComplex(Py_complex v)
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Create a new Python complex number object from a C :c:type:`Py_complex` value.
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Return ``NULL`` with an exception set on error.
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.. c:function:: PyObject* PyComplex_FromDoubles(double real, double imag)
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Return a new :c:type:`PyComplexObject` object from *real* and *imag*.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.13
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Use :meth:`~object.__complex__` if available.
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.. c:type:: Py_complex
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This C structure defines export format for a Python complex
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number object.
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.. c:member:: double real
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double imag
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The structure is defined as::
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typedef struct {
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double real;
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double imag;
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} Py_complex;
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.. c:function:: PyObject* PyComplex_FromCComplex(Py_complex v)
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Create a new Python complex number object from a C :c:type:`Py_complex` value.
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Return ``NULL`` with an exception set on error.
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.. c:function:: Py_complex PyComplex_AsCComplex(PyObject *op)
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Return the :c:type:`Py_complex` value of the complex number *op*.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.8
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Use :meth:`~object.__index__` if available.
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Complex Numbers as C Structures
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The API also provides functions for working with complex numbers, using the
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:c:type:`Py_complex` representation. Note that the functions which accept
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these structures as parameters and return them as results do so *by value*
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rather than dereferencing them through pointers.
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Please note, that these functions are :term:`soft deprecated` since Python
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3.15. Avoid using this API in a new code to do complex arithmetic: either use
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the `Number Protocol <number>`_ API or use native complex types, like
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:c:expr:`double complex`.
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.. c:function:: Py_complex _Py_c_sum(Py_complex left, Py_complex right)
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Return the sum of two complex numbers, using the C :c:type:`Py_complex`
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representation.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15
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.. c:function:: Py_complex _Py_c_diff(Py_complex left, Py_complex right)
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Return the difference between two complex numbers, using the C
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:c:type:`Py_complex` representation.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15
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.. c:function:: Py_complex _Py_c_neg(Py_complex num)
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Return the negation of the complex number *num*, using the C
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:c:type:`Py_complex` representation.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15
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.. c:function:: Py_complex _Py_c_prod(Py_complex left, Py_complex right)
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Return the product of two complex numbers, using the C :c:type:`Py_complex`
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representation.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15
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.. c:function:: Py_complex _Py_c_quot(Py_complex dividend, Py_complex divisor)
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Return the quotient of two complex numbers, using the C :c:type:`Py_complex`
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representation.
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If *divisor* is null, this method returns zero and sets
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:c:data:`errno` to :c:macro:`!EDOM`.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15
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.. c:function:: Py_complex _Py_c_pow(Py_complex num, Py_complex exp)
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Return the exponentiation of *num* by *exp*, using the C :c:type:`Py_complex`
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representation.
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If *num* is null and *exp* is not a positive real number,
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this method returns zero and sets :c:data:`errno` to :c:macro:`!EDOM`.
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Set :c:data:`errno` to :c:macro:`!ERANGE` on overflows.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15
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.. c:function:: double _Py_c_abs(Py_complex num)
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Return the absolute value of the complex number *num*.
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Set :c:data:`errno` to :c:macro:`!ERANGE` on overflows.
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.. deprecated:: 3.15

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