gh-85283: Build _statistics extension with the limited C API (#116927)

Argument Clinic now inlines _PyArg_CheckPositional() for the limited
C API. The generated code should be as fast or even a little bit
faster.

Author: vstinner

Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst

@@ -1482,7 +1482,8 @@ Build Changes
 * The ``errno``, ``fcntl``, ``grp``, ``md5``, ``pwd``, ``resource``,
   ``termios``, ``winsound``,
   ``_ctypes_test``, ``_multiprocessing.posixshmem``, ``_scproxy``, ``_stat``,
-  ``_testimportmultiple`` and ``_uuid`` C extensions are now built with the
+  ``_statistics``, ``_testimportmultiple`` and ``_uuid``
+  C extensions are now built with the
   :ref:`limited C API <limited-c-api>`.
   (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :gh:`85283`.)
 

Misc/NEWS.d/next/C API/2024-03-14-10-33-58.gh-issue-85283.LOgmdU.rst

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-The ``fcntl``, ``grp``, ``pwd`` and ``termios`` C extensions are now
+The ``fcntl``, ``grp``, ``pwd``, ``termios`` and ``_statistics`` C extensions are now
 built with the :ref:`limited C API <limited-c-api>`. Patch by Victor Stinner.

Modules/_statisticsmodule.c

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 /* statistics accelerator C extension: _statistics module. */
 
-// clinic/_statisticsmodule.c.h uses internal pycore_modsupport.h API
-#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
-#  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
+// Need limited C API version 3.12 for Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED
+#include "pyconfig.h"   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030c0000
 #endif
 
 #include "Python.h"