diff --git a/news/10222.bugfix.rst b/news/10222.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0595e2b87e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/news/10222.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix ``pip install --pre`` for packages with pre-release build dependencies defined both in ``pyproject.toml``'s ``build-system.requires`` and ``setup.py``'s ``setup_requires``.
diff --git a/src/pip/_internal/build_env.py b/src/pip/_internal/build_env.py
index d326dc8cdb1..47b90d512f8 100644
--- a/src/pip/_internal/build_env.py
+++ b/src/pip/_internal/build_env.py
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ def check_requirements(
                     installed_req_str = f"{req.name}=={dist.version}"
                 else:
                     installed_req_str = f"{req.name}==={dist.version}"
-                if dist.version not in req.specifier:
+                if not req.specifier.contains(dist.version, prereleases=True):
                     conflicting.add((installed_req_str, req_str))
                 # FIXME: Consider direct URL?
         return conflicting, missing
diff --git a/tests/functional/test_install.py b/tests/functional/test_install.py
index a2f1ffb885b..7cbf2bf45e6 100644
--- a/tests/functional/test_install.py
+++ b/tests/functional/test_install.py
@@ -788,6 +788,45 @@ def test_editable_install__local_dir_setup_requires_with_pyproject(
     script.pip("install", "--find-links", shared_data.find_links, "-e", local_dir)
 
 
+def test_install_pre__setup_requires_with_pyproject(
+    script: PipTestEnvironment, shared_data: TestData, common_wheels: Path
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Test installing with a pre-release build dependency declared in both
+    setup.py and pyproject.toml.
+
+    https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10573
+    """
+    depends_package = "prerelease_dependency"
+    depends_path = create_basic_wheel_for_package(script, depends_package, "1.0.0a1")
+
+    local_dir = script.scratch_path.joinpath("temp")
+    local_dir.mkdir()
+    pyproject_path = local_dir.joinpath("pyproject.toml")
+    pyproject_path.write_text(
+        "[build-system]\n"
+        f'requires = ["setuptools", "wheel", "{depends_package}"]\n'
+        'build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"\n'
+    )
+    setup_py_path = local_dir.joinpath("setup.py")
+    setup_py_path.write_text(
+        "from setuptools import setup\n"
+        f"setup(name='dummy', setup_requires=['{depends_package}'])\n"
+    )
+
+    script.pip(
+        "install",
+        "--pre",
+        "--no-cache-dir",
+        "--no-index",
+        "--find-links",
+        common_wheels,
+        "--find-links",
+        depends_path.parent,
+        local_dir,
+    )
+
+
 @pytest.mark.network
 def test_upgrade_argparse_shadowed(script: PipTestEnvironment) -> None:
     # If argparse is installed - even if shadowed for imported - we support