diff --git a/src/Foreign.purs b/src/Foreign.purs
index f86d3e4..0873909 100644
--- a/src/Foreign.purs
+++ b/src/Foreign.purs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ module Foreign
   , ForeignError(..)
   , MultipleErrors(..)
   , F
+  , FT
   , renderForeignError
   , unsafeToForeign
   , unsafeFromForeign
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ module Foreign
 
 import Prelude
 
-import Control.Monad.Except (Except, throwError, mapExcept)
+import Control.Monad.Except (Except, ExceptT, mapExceptT, throwError)
 import Data.Either (Either(..), either)
 import Data.Int as Int
 import Data.List.NonEmpty (NonEmptyList)
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ renderForeignError (TypeMismatch exp act) = "Type mismatch: expected " <> exp <>
 -- | The `Alt` instance for `Except` allows us to accumulate errors,
 -- | unlike `Either`, which preserves only the last error.
 type F = Except MultipleErrors
+type FT = ExceptT MultipleErrors
 
 -- | Coerce any value to the a `Foreign` value.
 -- |
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ foreign import tagOf :: Foreign -> String
 
 -- | Unsafely coerce a `Foreign` value when the value has a particular `tagOf`
 -- | value.
-unsafeReadTagged :: forall a. String -> Foreign -> F a
+unsafeReadTagged :: forall m a. Monad m => String -> Foreign -> FT m a
 unsafeReadTagged tag value
   | tagOf value == tag = pure (unsafeFromForeign value)
   | otherwise = fail $ TypeMismatch tag (tagOf value)
@@ -120,52 +122,52 @@ foreign import isUndefined :: Foreign -> Boolean
 foreign import isArray :: Foreign -> Boolean
 
 -- | Attempt to coerce a foreign value to a `String`.
-readString :: Foreign -> F String
+readString :: forall m. Monad m => Foreign -> FT m String
 readString = unsafeReadTagged "String"
 
 -- | Attempt to coerce a foreign value to a `Char`.
-readChar :: Foreign -> F Char
-readChar value = mapExcept (either (const error) fromString) (readString value)
+readChar :: forall m. Monad m => Foreign -> FT m Char
+readChar value = mapExceptT (map $ either (const error) fromString) (readString value)
   where
   fromString = maybe error pure <<< toChar
   error = Left $ NEL.singleton $ TypeMismatch "Char" (tagOf value)
 
 -- | Attempt to coerce a foreign value to a `Boolean`.
-readBoolean :: Foreign -> F Boolean
+readBoolean :: forall m. Monad m => Foreign -> FT m Boolean
 readBoolean = unsafeReadTagged "Boolean"
 
 -- | Attempt to coerce a foreign value to a `Number`.
-readNumber :: Foreign -> F Number
+readNumber :: forall m. Monad m => Foreign -> FT m Number
 readNumber = unsafeReadTagged "Number"
 
 -- | Attempt to coerce a foreign value to an `Int`.
-readInt :: Foreign -> F Int
-readInt value = mapExcept (either (const error) fromNumber) (readNumber value)
+readInt :: forall m. Monad m => Foreign -> FT m Int
+readInt value = mapExceptT (map $ either (const error) fromNumber) (readNumber value)
   where
   fromNumber = maybe error pure <<< Int.fromNumber
   error = Left $ NEL.singleton $ TypeMismatch "Int" (tagOf value)
 
 -- | Attempt to coerce a foreign value to an array.
-readArray :: Foreign -> F (Array Foreign)
+readArray :: forall m. Monad m => Foreign -> FT m (Array Foreign)
 readArray value
   | isArray value = pure $ unsafeFromForeign value
   | otherwise = fail $ TypeMismatch "array" (tagOf value)
 
-readNull :: Foreign -> F (Maybe Foreign)
+readNull :: forall m. Monad m => Foreign -> FT m (Maybe Foreign)
 readNull value
   | isNull value = pure Nothing
   | otherwise = pure (Just value)
 
-readUndefined :: Foreign -> F (Maybe Foreign)
+readUndefined :: forall m. Monad m => Foreign -> FT m (Maybe Foreign)
 readUndefined value
   | isUndefined value = pure Nothing
   | otherwise = pure (Just value)
 
-readNullOrUndefined :: Foreign -> F (Maybe Foreign)
+readNullOrUndefined :: forall m. Monad m => Foreign -> FT m (Maybe Foreign)
 readNullOrUndefined value
   | isNull value || isUndefined value = pure Nothing
   | otherwise = pure (Just value)
 
--- | Throws a failure error in `F`.
-fail :: forall a. ForeignError -> F a
+-- | Throws a failure error in `FT`.
+fail :: forall m a. Monad m => ForeignError -> FT m a
 fail = throwError <<< NEL.singleton
diff --git a/src/Foreign/Index.purs b/src/Foreign/Index.purs
index 405e72f..daff17b 100644
--- a/src/Foreign/Index.purs
+++ b/src/Foreign/Index.purs
@@ -17,37 +17,36 @@ import Prelude
 
 import Control.Monad.Except.Trans (ExceptT)
 
-import Foreign (Foreign, F, ForeignError(..), typeOf, isUndefined, isNull, fail)
+import Foreign (Foreign, FT, ForeignError(..), typeOf, isUndefined, isNull, fail)
 import Data.Function.Uncurried (Fn2, runFn2, Fn4, runFn4)
-import Data.Identity (Identity)
 import Data.List.NonEmpty (NonEmptyList)
 
 -- | This type class identifies types that act like _property indices_.
 -- |
 -- | The canonical instances are for `String`s and `Int`s.
-class Index i where
-  index :: Foreign -> i -> F Foreign
+class Index i m | i -> m where
+  index :: Foreign -> i -> FT m Foreign
   hasProperty :: i -> Foreign -> Boolean
   hasOwnProperty :: i -> Foreign -> Boolean
   errorAt :: i -> ForeignError -> ForeignError
 
-class Indexable a where
-  ix :: forall i. Index i => a -> i -> F Foreign
+class Indexable a m | a -> m where
+  ix :: forall i. Index i m => a -> i -> FT m Foreign
 
 infixl 9 ix as !
 
 foreign import unsafeReadPropImpl :: forall r k. Fn4 r (Foreign -> r) k Foreign r
 
-unsafeReadProp :: forall k. k -> Foreign -> F Foreign
+unsafeReadProp :: forall k m. Monad m => k -> Foreign -> FT m Foreign
 unsafeReadProp k value =
   runFn4 unsafeReadPropImpl (fail (TypeMismatch "object" (typeOf value))) pure k value
 
 -- | Attempt to read a value from a foreign value property
-readProp :: String -> Foreign -> F Foreign
+readProp :: forall m. Monad m => String -> Foreign -> FT m Foreign
 readProp = unsafeReadProp
 
 -- | Attempt to read a value from a foreign value at the specified numeric index
-readIndex :: Int -> Foreign -> F Foreign
+readIndex :: forall m. Monad m => Int -> Foreign -> FT m Foreign
 readIndex = unsafeReadProp
 
 foreign import unsafeHasOwnProperty :: forall k. Fn2 k Foreign Boolean
@@ -66,20 +65,20 @@ hasPropertyImpl _ value | isUndefined value = false
 hasPropertyImpl p value | typeOf value == "object" || typeOf value == "function" = runFn2 unsafeHasProperty p value
 hasPropertyImpl _ value = false
 
-instance indexString :: Index String where
+instance indexString :: Monad m => Index String m where
   index = flip readProp
   hasProperty = hasPropertyImpl
   hasOwnProperty = hasOwnPropertyImpl
   errorAt = ErrorAtProperty
 
-instance indexInt :: Index Int where
+instance indexInt :: Monad m => Index Int m where
   index = flip readIndex
   hasProperty = hasPropertyImpl
   hasOwnProperty = hasOwnPropertyImpl
   errorAt = ErrorAtIndex
 
-instance indexableForeign :: Indexable Foreign where
+instance indexableForeign :: Monad m => Indexable Foreign m where
   ix = index
 
-instance indexableExceptT :: Indexable (ExceptT (NonEmptyList ForeignError) Identity Foreign) where
+instance indexableExceptT :: Monad m => Indexable (ExceptT (NonEmptyList ForeignError) m Foreign) m where
   ix f i = flip index i =<< f
diff --git a/src/Foreign/Keys.purs b/src/Foreign/Keys.purs
index c600be1..546c4d6 100644
--- a/src/Foreign/Keys.purs
+++ b/src/Foreign/Keys.purs
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ module Foreign.Keys
 
 import Prelude
 
-import Foreign (F, Foreign, ForeignError(..), typeOf, isUndefined, isNull, fail)
+import Foreign (FT, Foreign, ForeignError(..), typeOf, isUndefined, isNull, fail)
 
 foreign import unsafeKeys :: Foreign -> Array String
 
 -- | Get an array of the properties defined on a foreign value
-keys :: Foreign -> F (Array String)
+keys :: forall m. Monad m => Foreign -> FT m (Array String)
 keys value
   | isNull value = fail $ TypeMismatch "object" "null"
   | isUndefined value = fail $ TypeMismatch "object" "undefined"