CLN: replace %s syntax with .format in io/formats/css.py, excel.py, printing.py, style.py, and terminal.py (#17387)

Progress toward issue #16130. Converted old string formatting to new string formatting in io/formats/css.py, excel.py, printing.py, style.py, and terminal.py

Author: cbertinato

pandas/io/formats/css.py

@@ -94,12 +94,13 @@ def __call__(self, declarations_str, inherited=None):
 
         # 3. TODO: resolve other font-relative units
         for side in self.SIDES:
-            prop = 'border-%s-width' % side
+            prop = 'border-{side}-width'.format(side=side)
             if prop in props:
                 props[prop] = self.size_to_pt(
                     props[prop], em_pt=font_size,
                     conversions=self.BORDER_WIDTH_RATIOS)
-            for prop in ['margin-%s' % side, 'padding-%s' % side]:
+            for prop in ['margin-{side}'.format(side=side),
+                         'padding-{side}'.format(side=side)]:
                 if prop in props:
                     # TODO: support %
                     props[prop] = self.size_to_pt(
@@ -152,7 +153,8 @@ def __call__(self, declarations_str, inherited=None):
 
     def size_to_pt(self, in_val, em_pt=None, conversions=UNIT_RATIOS):
         def _error():
-            warnings.warn('Unhandled size: %r' % in_val, CSSWarning)
+            warnings.warn('Unhandled size: {val!r}'.format(val=in_val),
+                          CSSWarning)
             return self.size_to_pt('1!!default', conversions=conversions)
 
         try:
@@ -185,10 +187,10 @@ def _error():
 
         val = round(val, 5)
         if int(val) == val:
-            size_fmt = '%d'
+            size_fmt = '{fmt:d}pt'.format(fmt=int(val))
         else:
-            size_fmt = '%f'
-        return (size_fmt + 'pt') % val
+            size_fmt = '{fmt:f}pt'.format(fmt=val)
+        return size_fmt
 
     def atomize(self, declarations):
         for prop, value in declarations:
@@ -215,19 +217,19 @@ def expand(self, prop, value):
             try:
                 mapping = self.SIDE_SHORTHANDS[len(tokens)]
             except KeyError:
-                warnings.warn('Could not expand "%s: %s"' % (prop, value),
-                              CSSWarning)
+                warnings.warn('Could not expand "{prop}: {val}"'
+                              .format(prop=prop, val=value), CSSWarning)
                 return
             for key, idx in zip(self.SIDES, mapping):
-                yield prop_fmt % key, tokens[idx]
+                yield prop_fmt.format(key), tokens[idx]
 
         return expand
 
-    expand_border_color = _side_expander('border-%s-color')
-    expand_border_style = _side_expander('border-%s-style')
-    expand_border_width = _side_expander('border-%s-width')
-    expand_margin = _side_expander('margin-%s')
-    expand_padding = _side_expander('padding-%s')
+    expand_border_color = _side_expander('border-{:s}-color')
+    expand_border_style = _side_expander('border-{:s}-style')
+    expand_border_width = _side_expander('border-{:s}-width')
+    expand_margin = _side_expander('margin-{:s}')
+    expand_padding = _side_expander('padding-{:s}')
 
     def parse(self, declarations_str):
         """Generates (prop, value) pairs from declarations
@@ -245,4 +247,4 @@ def parse(self, declarations_str):
                 yield prop, val
             else:
                 warnings.warn('Ill-formatted attribute: expected a colon '
-                              'in %r' % decl, CSSWarning)
+                              'in {decl!r}'.format(decl=decl), CSSWarning)

pandas/io/formats/excel.py

@@ -132,10 +132,12 @@ def build_alignment(self, props):
 
     def build_border(self, props):
         return {side: {
-            'style': self._border_style(props.get('border-%s-style' % side),
-                                        props.get('border-%s-width' % side)),
+            'style': self._border_style(props.get('border-{side}-style'
+                                        .format(side=side)),
+                                        props.get('border-{side}-width'
+                                        .format(side=side))),
             'color': self.color_to_excel(
-                props.get('border-%s-color' % side)),
+                props.get('border-{side}-color'.format(side=side))),
         } for side in ['top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left']}
 
     def _border_style(self, style, width):
@@ -302,7 +304,8 @@ def color_to_excel(self, val):
         try:
             return self.NAMED_COLORS[val]
         except KeyError:
-            warnings.warn('Unhandled colour format: %r' % val, CSSWarning)
+            warnings.warn('Unhandled colour format: {val!r}'.format(val=val),
+                          CSSWarning)
 
 
 class ExcelFormatter(object):
@@ -369,7 +372,7 @@ def _format_value(self, val):
             if lib.isposinf_scalar(val):
                 val = self.inf_rep
             elif lib.isneginf_scalar(val):
-                val = '-%s' % self.inf_rep
+                val = '-{inf}'.format(inf=self.inf_rep)
             elif self.float_format is not None:
                 val = float(self.float_format % val)
         return val
@@ -434,8 +437,9 @@ def _format_header_regular(self):
             colnames = self.columns
             if has_aliases:
                 if len(self.header) != len(self.columns):
-                    raise ValueError('Writing %d cols but got %d aliases' %
-                                     (len(self.columns), len(self.header)))
+                    raise ValueError('Writing {cols} cols but got {alias} '
+                                     'aliases'.format(cols=len(self.columns),
+                                                      alias=len(self.header)))
                 else:
                     colnames = self.header
 

pandas/io/formats/printing.py

@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@ def _pprint_seq(seq, _nest_lvl=0, max_seq_items=None, **kwds):
     bounds length of printed sequence, depending on options
     """
     if isinstance(seq, set):
-        fmt = u("{%s}")
+        fmt = u("{{{body}}}")
     else:
-        fmt = u("[%s]") if hasattr(seq, '__setitem__') else u("(%s)")
+        fmt = u("[{body}]") if hasattr(seq, '__setitem__') else u("({body})")
 
     if max_seq_items is False:
         nitems = len(seq)
@@ -123,35 +123,36 @@ def _pprint_seq(seq, _nest_lvl=0, max_seq_items=None, **kwds):
     elif isinstance(seq, tuple) and len(seq) == 1:
         body += ','
 
-    return fmt % body
+    return fmt.format(body=body)
 
 
 def _pprint_dict(seq, _nest_lvl=0, max_seq_items=None, **kwds):
     """
     internal. pprinter for iterables. you should probably use pprint_thing()
     rather then calling this directly.
     """
-    fmt = u("{%s}")
+    fmt = u("{{{things}}}")
     pairs = []
 
-    pfmt = u("%s: %s")
+    pfmt = u("{key}: {val}")
 
     if max_seq_items is False:
         nitems = len(seq)
     else:
         nitems = max_seq_items or get_option("max_seq_items") or len(seq)
 
     for k, v in list(seq.items())[:nitems]:
-        pairs.append(pfmt %
-                     (pprint_thing(k, _nest_lvl + 1,
-                                   max_seq_items=max_seq_items, **kwds),
-                      pprint_thing(v, _nest_lvl + 1,
-                                   max_seq_items=max_seq_items, **kwds)))
+        pairs.append(
+            pfmt.format(
+                key=pprint_thing(k, _nest_lvl + 1,
+                                 max_seq_items=max_seq_items, **kwds),
+                val=pprint_thing(v, _nest_lvl + 1,
+                                 max_seq_items=max_seq_items, **kwds)))
 
     if nitems < len(seq):
-        return fmt % (", ".join(pairs) + ", ...")
+        return fmt.format(things=", ".join(pairs) + ", ...")
     else:
-        return fmt % ", ".join(pairs)
+        return fmt.format(things=", ".join(pairs))
 
 
 def pprint_thing(thing, _nest_lvl=0, escape_chars=None, default_escapes=False,
@@ -221,10 +222,10 @@ def as_escaped_unicode(thing, escape_chars=escape_chars):
                              max_seq_items=max_seq_items)
     elif isinstance(thing, compat.string_types) and quote_strings:
         if compat.PY3:
-            fmt = "'%s'"
+            fmt = u("'{thing}'")
         else:
-            fmt = "u'%s'"
-        result = fmt % as_escaped_unicode(thing)
+            fmt = u("u'{thing}'")
+        result = fmt.format(thing=as_escaped_unicode(thing))
     else:
         result = as_escaped_unicode(thing)
 

pandas/io/formats/style.py

@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ def format_attr(pair):
             # ... except maybe the last for columns.names
             name = self.data.columns.names[r]
             cs = [BLANK_CLASS if name is None else INDEX_NAME_CLASS,
-                  "level%s" % r]
+                  "level{lvl}".format(lvl=r)]
             name = BLANK_VALUE if name is None else name
             row_es.append({"type": "th",
                            "value": name,
@@ -240,7 +240,8 @@ def format_attr(pair):
 
             if clabels:
                 for c, value in enumerate(clabels[r]):
-                    cs = [COL_HEADING_CLASS, "level%s" % r, "col%s" % c]
+                    cs = [COL_HEADING_CLASS, "level{lvl}".format(lvl=r),
+                          "col{col}".format(col=c)]
                     cs.extend(cell_context.get(
                         "col_headings", {}).get(r, {}).get(c, []))
                     es = {
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ def format_attr(pair):
 
             for c, name in enumerate(self.data.index.names):
                 cs = [INDEX_NAME_CLASS,
-                      "level%s" % c]
+                      "level{lvl}".format(lvl=c)]
                 name = '' if name is None else name
                 index_header_row.append({"type": "th", "value": name,
                                          "class": " ".join(cs)})
@@ -281,7 +282,8 @@ def format_attr(pair):
         for r, idx in enumerate(self.data.index):
             row_es = []
             for c, value in enumerate(rlabels[r]):
-                rid = [ROW_HEADING_CLASS, "level%s" % c, "row%s" % r]
+                rid = [ROW_HEADING_CLASS, "level{lvl}".format(lvl=c),
+                       "row{row}".format(row=r)]
                 es = {
                     "type": "th",
                     "is_visible": _is_visible(r, c, idx_lengths),
@@ -298,7 +300,8 @@ def format_attr(pair):
                 row_es.append(es)
 
             for c, col in enumerate(self.data.columns):
-                cs = [DATA_CLASS, "row%s" % r, "col%s" % c]
+                cs = [DATA_CLASS, "row{row}".format(row=r),
+                      "col{col}".format(col=c)]
                 cs.extend(cell_context.get("data", {}).get(r, {}).get(c, []))
                 formatter = self._display_funcs[(r, c)]
                 value = self.data.iloc[r, c]
@@ -317,7 +320,8 @@ def format_attr(pair):
                     else:
                         props.append(['', ''])
                 cellstyle.append({'props': props,
-                                  'selector': "row%s_col%s" % (r, c)})
+                                  'selector': "row{row}_col{col}"
+                                  .format(row=r, col=c)})
             body.append(row_es)
 
         return dict(head=head, cellstyle=cellstyle, body=body, uuid=uuid,
@@ -512,22 +516,23 @@ def _apply(self, func, axis=0, subset=None, **kwargs):
             result = func(data, **kwargs)
             if not isinstance(result, pd.DataFrame):
                 raise TypeError(
-                    "Function {!r} must return a DataFrame when "
-                    "passed to `Styler.apply` with axis=None".format(func))
+                    "Function {func!r} must return a DataFrame when "
+                    "passed to `Styler.apply` with axis=None"
+                    .format(func=func))
             if not (result.index.equals(data.index) and
                     result.columns.equals(data.columns)):
-                msg = ('Result of {!r} must have identical index and columns '
-                       'as the input'.format(func))
+                msg = ('Result of {func!r} must have identical index and '
+                       'columns as the input'.format(func=func))
                 raise ValueError(msg)
 
         result_shape = result.shape
         expected_shape = self.data.loc[subset].shape
         if result_shape != expected_shape:
-            msg = ("Function {!r} returned the wrong shape.\n"
-                   "Result has shape: {}\n"
-                   "Expected shape:   {}".format(func,
-                                                 result.shape,
-                                                 expected_shape))
+            msg = ("Function {func!r} returned the wrong shape.\n"
+                   "Result has shape: {res}\n"
+                   "Expected shape:   {expect}".format(func=func,
+                                                       res=result.shape,
+                                                       expect=expected_shape))
             raise ValueError(msg)
         self._update_ctx(result)
         return self
@@ -771,7 +776,8 @@ def set_table_styles(self, table_styles):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _highlight_null(v, null_color):
-        return 'background-color: %s' % null_color if pd.isna(v) else ''
+        return ('background-color: {color}'.format(color=null_color)
+                if pd.isna(v) else '')
 
     def highlight_null(self, null_color='red'):
         """
@@ -839,7 +845,8 @@ def _background_gradient(s, cmap='PuBu', low=0, high=0):
             # https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/issues/5427
             normed = norm(s.values)
             c = [colors.rgb2hex(x) for x in plt.cm.get_cmap(cmap)(normed)]
-            return ['background-color: %s' % color for color in c]
+            return ['background-color: {color}'.format(color=color)
+                    for color in c]
 
     def set_properties(self, subset=None, **kwargs):
         """
@@ -1182,6 +1189,6 @@ def _maybe_wrap_formatter(formatter):
     elif callable(formatter):
         return formatter
     else:
-        msg = "Expected a template string or callable, got {} instead".format(
-            formatter)
+        msg = ("Expected a template string or callable, got {formatter} "
+               "instead".format(formatter=formatter))
         raise TypeError(msg)

pandas/io/formats/terminal.py

@@ -124,4 +124,4 @@ def ioctl_GWINSZ(fd):
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     sizex, sizey = get_terminal_size()
-    print('width = %s height = %s' % (sizex, sizey))
+    print('width = {w} height = {h}'.format(w=sizex, h=sizey))