diff --git a/substratevm/CHANGELOG.md b/substratevm/CHANGELOG.md
index 8a93c3b85ad2..d71afc078b39 100644
--- a/substratevm/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/substratevm/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ This changelog summarizes major changes to GraalVM Native Image.
 * (GR-40463) Red Hat added experimental support for JMX, which can be enabled with the `--enable-monitoring` option (e.g. `--enable-monitoring=jmxclient,jmxserver`).
 * (GR-42740) Together with Red Hat, we added experimental support for JFR event streaming.
 * (GR-44110) Native Image now targets `x86-64-v3` by default on AMD64 and supports a new `-march` option. Use `-march=compatibility` for best compatibility (previous default) or `-march=native` for best performance if the native executable is deployed on the same machine or on a machine with the same CPU features. To list all available machine types, use `-march=list`.
-* (GR-43971) Add native-image option `-E<env-var-key>[=<env-var-value>]` and support environment variable capturing in bundles. Previously almost all environment variables were available in the builder. To temporarily revert back to the old behaviour, env setting `NATIVE_IMAGE_SLOPPY_BUILDER_SANITATION=true` can be used. The old behaviour will be removed in a future release.
+* (GR-43971) Add native-image option `-E<env-var-key>[=<env-var-value>]` and support environment variable capturing in bundles. Previously almost all environment variables were available in the builder. To temporarily revert back to the old behaviour, env setting `NATIVE_IMAGE_DEPRECATED_BUILDER_SANITATION=true` can be used. The old behaviour will be removed in a future release.
 * (GR-43382) The build output now includes a section with recommendations that help you get the best out of Native Image.
 
 ## Version 22.3.0
diff --git a/substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.driver/src/com/oracle/svm/driver/NativeImage.java b/substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.driver/src/com/oracle/svm/driver/NativeImage.java
index ff41637ef98a..dec08d8eb968 100644
--- a/substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.driver/src/com/oracle/svm/driver/NativeImage.java
+++ b/substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.driver/src/com/oracle/svm/driver/NativeImage.java
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.StringJoiner;
 import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 import java.util.function.BiFunction;
@@ -1470,17 +1472,17 @@ protected int buildImage(List<String> javaArgs, LinkedHashSet<Path> cp, LinkedHa
         ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder();
         pb.command(command);
         Map<String, String> environment = pb.environment();
-        String sloppySanitationKey = "NATIVE_IMAGE_SLOPPY_BUILDER_SANITATION";
-        String sloppySanitationValue = System.getenv().getOrDefault(sloppySanitationKey, "false");
-        if (Boolean.parseBoolean(sloppySanitationValue)) {
+        String deprecatedSanitationKey = "NATIVE_IMAGE_DEPRECATED_BUILDER_SANITATION";
+        String deprecatedSanitationValue = System.getenv().getOrDefault(deprecatedSanitationKey, "false");
+        if (Boolean.parseBoolean(deprecatedSanitationValue)) {
             if (useBundle()) {
                 bundleSupport = null;
-                throw showError("Bundle support is not compatible with environment variable %s=%s.".formatted(sloppySanitationKey, sloppySanitationValue));
+                throw showError("Bundle support is not compatible with environment variable %s=%s.".formatted(deprecatedSanitationKey, deprecatedSanitationValue));
             }
             if (!imageBuilderEnvironment.isEmpty()) {
-                throw showError("Option -E<env-var-key>[=<env-var-value>] is not compatible with environment variable %s=%s.".formatted(sloppySanitationKey, sloppySanitationValue));
+                throw showError("Option -E<env-var-key>[=<env-var-value>] is not compatible with environment variable %s=%s.".formatted(deprecatedSanitationKey, deprecatedSanitationValue));
             }
-            sloppySanitizeJVMEnvironment(environment);
+            deprecatedSanitizeJVMEnvironment(environment);
         } else {
             sanitizeJVMEnvironment(environment, imageBuilderEnvironment);
         }
@@ -1528,7 +1530,7 @@ boolean useBundle() {
     }
 
     @Deprecated
-    private static void sloppySanitizeJVMEnvironment(Map<String, String> environment) {
+    private static void deprecatedSanitizeJVMEnvironment(Map<String, String> environment) {
         String[] jvmAffectingEnvironmentVariables = {"JAVA_COMPILER", "_JAVA_OPTIONS", "JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS", "JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS", "CLASSPATH"};
         for (String affectingEnvironmentVariable : jvmAffectingEnvironmentVariables) {
             environment.remove(affectingEnvironmentVariable);
@@ -1536,32 +1538,35 @@ private static void sloppySanitizeJVMEnvironment(Map<String, String> environment
     }
 
     private static void sanitizeJVMEnvironment(Map<String, String> environment, Map<String, String> imageBuilderEnvironment) {
-        Map<String, String> restrictedEnvironment = new HashMap<>();
-        List<String> jvmRequiredEnvironmentVariables = new ArrayList<>(List.of("PATH", "PWD", "HOME", "LANG", "LC_ALL"));
-        jvmRequiredEnvironmentVariables.add("SRCHOME"); // FIXME
+        Set<String> requiredKeys = new HashSet<>(List.of("PATH", "PWD", "HOME", "LANG", "LC_ALL"));
+        requiredKeys.add("SRCHOME"); /* Remove once GR-44676 is fixed */
+        Function<String, String> keyMapper;
         if (OS.WINDOWS.isCurrent()) {
-            jvmRequiredEnvironmentVariables.addAll(List.of("TEMP", "INCLUDE", "LIB"));
+            requiredKeys.addAll(List.of("TEMP", "INCLUDE", "LIB"));
+            keyMapper = String::toUpperCase;
+        } else {
+            keyMapper = Function.identity();
         }
-        for (String requiredEnvironmentVariable : jvmRequiredEnvironmentVariables) {
-            String val = environment.get(requiredEnvironmentVariable);
-            if (val != null) {
-                restrictedEnvironment.put(requiredEnvironmentVariable, val);
+        Map<String, String> restrictedEnvironment = new HashMap<>();
+        environment.forEach((key, val) -> {
+            if (requiredKeys.contains(keyMapper.apply(key))) {
+                restrictedEnvironment.put(key, val);
             }
-        }
+        });
         for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator = imageBuilderEnvironment.entrySet().iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
             Map.Entry<String, String> entry = iterator.next();
-            String requiredKey = entry.getKey();
-            String requiredValue = entry.getValue();
-            if (requiredValue != null) {
-                restrictedEnvironment.put(requiredKey, requiredValue);
+            if (entry.getValue() != null) {
+                restrictedEnvironment.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
             } else {
-                String existingValue = environment.get(requiredKey);
-                if (existingValue != null) {
-                    restrictedEnvironment.put(requiredKey, existingValue);
-                    /* Capture found existingValue for storing vars in bundle */
-                    entry.setValue(existingValue);
-                } else {
-                    NativeImage.showWarning("Environment variable '" + requiredKey + "' is undefined and therefore not available during image build-time.");
+                environment.forEach((key, val) -> {
+                    if (keyMapper.apply(key).equals(keyMapper.apply(entry.getKey()))) {
+                        restrictedEnvironment.put(entry.getKey(), val);
+                        /* Capture found value for storing vars in bundle */
+                        entry.setValue(val);
+                    }
+                });
+                if (entry.getValue() == null) {
+                    NativeImage.showWarning("Environment variable '" + entry.getKey() + "' is undefined and therefore not available during image build-time.");
                     /* Remove undefined environment for storing vars in bundle */
                     iterator.remove();
                 }