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Implement multi-stage Docker builds to minimize image size
Co-authored-by: yutaro-sakamoto <[email protected]>
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‎Dockerfile‎

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# Build stage
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FROM almalinux:9 AS builder
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SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
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# install build dependencies
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RUN dnf update -y && \
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dnf install -y gcc make bison flex automake autoconf diffutils gettext java-11-openjdk-devel && \
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dnf clean all
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# install sbt
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RUN curl -fL https://github.com/coursier/coursier/releases/latest/download/cs-x86_64-pc-linux.gz | gzip -d > cs && \
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chmod +x cs && \
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echo Y | ./cs setup
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# build opensourcecobol4j
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RUN cd /root && \
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curl -L -o opensourcecobol4j-v1.1.7.tar.gz https://github.com/opensourcecobol/opensourcecobol4j/archive/refs/tags/v1.1.7.tar.gz && \
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tar zxvf opensourcecobol4j-v1.1.7.tar.gz && \
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cd opensourcecobol4j-1.1.7 && \
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./configure --prefix=/usr/ && \
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make && \
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make install DESTDIR=/tmp/install && \
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rm -rf /root/opensourcecobol4j-v1.1.7.tar.gz /root/opensourcecobol4j-1.1.7
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# Download postgresql jar
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RUN mkdir -p /tmp/install/usr/lib/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j/ && \
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curl -L -o /tmp/install/usr/lib/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j/postgresql.jar https://jdbc.postgresql.org/download/postgresql-42.2.24.jar
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# Build Open COBOL ESQL 4J
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ENV PATH="$PATH:/root/.local/share/coursier/bin"
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RUN cd /root/ && \
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curl -L -o Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j-1.1.1.tar.gz https://github.com/opensourcecobol/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j/archive/refs/tags/v1.1.1.tar.gz && \
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tar zxvf Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j-1.1.1.tar.gz && \
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cd Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j-1.1.1 && \
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cp /tmp/install/usr/lib/opensourcecobol4j/libcobj.jar dblibj/lib && \
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cp /tmp/install/usr/lib/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j/postgresql.jar dblibj/lib && \
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./configure --prefix=/usr/ && \
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make && \
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make install DESTDIR=/tmp/install && \
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rm -rf /root/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j-1.1.1.tar.gz /root/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j-1.1.1
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# Runtime stage
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FROM almalinux:9
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SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
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# install runtime dependencies only
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RUN dnf update -y && \
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dnf install -y java-11-openjdk-headless && \
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dnf clean all && \
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rm -rf /var/cache/dnf/*
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# copy built files from builder stage
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COPY --from=builder /tmp/install/usr/ /usr/
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# classpath settings
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ENV CLASSPATH=:/usr/lib/opensourcecobol4j/libcobj.jar:/usr/lib/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j/postgresql.jar:/usr/lib/opensourcecobol4j/ocesql4j.jar
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RUN echo 'export CLASSPATH=:/usr/lib/opensourcecobol4j/libcobj.jar:/usr/lib/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j/postgresql.jar:/usr/lib/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j/ocesql4j.jar' >> ~/.bashrc
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# install dependencies
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RUN dnf update -y
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RUN dnf install -y gcc make bison flex automake autoconf diffutils gettext java-11-openjdk-devel
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# install sbt
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RUN curl -fL https://github.com/coursier/coursier/releases/latest/download/cs-x86_64-pc-linux.gz | gzip -d > cs && chmod +x cs && echo Y | ./cs setup
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# install opensourcecobol4j
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RUN cd /root &&\
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curl -L -o opensourcecobol4j-v1.1.7.tar.gz https://github.com/opensourcecobol/opensourcecobol4j/archive/refs/tags/v1.1.7.tar.gz &&\
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tar zxvf opensourcecobol4j-v1.1.7.tar.gz &&\
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cd opensourcecobol4j-1.1.7 &&\
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./configure --prefix=/usr/ &&\
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make &&\
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make install &&\
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rm /root/opensourcecobol4j-v1.1.7.tar.gz
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# Install Open COBOL ESQL 4J
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ENV PATH="$PATH:/root/.local/share/coursier/bin"
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RUN mkdir -p /usr/lib/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j &&\
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cd /root/ &&\
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curl -L -o Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j-1.1.1.tar.gz https://github.com/opensourcecobol/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j/archive/refs/tags/v1.1.1.tar.gz &&\
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tar zxvf Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j-1.1.1.tar.gz &&\
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rm Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j-1.1.1.tar.gz &&\
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cd Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j-1.1.1 &&\
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mkdir -p /usr/lib/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j/ &&\
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curl -L -o /usr/lib/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j/postgresql.jar https://jdbc.postgresql.org/download/postgresql-42.2.24.jar &&\
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cp /usr/lib/opensourcecobol4j/libcobj.jar dblibj/lib &&\
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cp /usr/lib/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j/postgresql.jar dblibj/lib &&\
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./configure --prefix=/usr/ &&\
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make &&\
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make install &&\
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rm -rf /root/Open-COBOL-ESQL-4j-1.1.1
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# add sample programs
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ADD cobol_sample /root/cobol_sample
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ADD ocesql4j_sample /root/ocesql4j_sample

‎OPTIMIZATION.md‎

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# Docker Image Size Optimization
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This document describes the optimization changes made to minimize the size of the Docker images for opensourcecobol4j.
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## Changes Made
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Both `Dockerfile` and `utf8.Dockerfile` have been optimized using multi-stage builds and other techniques to significantly reduce the final image size.
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### Key Optimizations
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1. **Multi-stage builds**: Separated build environment from runtime environment
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- Build stage: Contains all build tools and dependencies
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- Runtime stage: Contains only necessary runtime files
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2. **Reduced dependencies**:
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- Build tools (gcc, make, bison, flex, automake, autoconf, etc.) are only in the build stage
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- Runtime uses `java-11-openjdk-headless` instead of full JDK (`java-11-openjdk-devel`)
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3. **Efficient package management**:
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- Combined RUN commands to reduce Docker layers
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- Added `dnf clean all` to remove package manager caches
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- Added `rm -rf /var/cache/dnf/*` to remove additional caches
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4. **Build artifact cleanup**:
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- Source directories are removed after compilation
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- Temporary files are cleaned up during build process
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- Use `DESTDIR` for staged installation to copy only necessary files
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5. **Optimized file copying**:
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- Only compiled binaries, libraries, and JAR files are copied to runtime stage
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- Source code and intermediate build files are excluded
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## Expected Size Reduction
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The optimizations are expected to reduce the image size by 60-80% by eliminating:
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- Build tools and development libraries (~200-300MB)
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- Full JDK vs headless JRE (~100-150MB)
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- Package manager caches (~50-100MB)
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- Source code and build artifacts (~50-100MB)
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## Structure Comparison
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### Before (Single-stage)
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```dockerfile
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FROM almalinux:9
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# Install everything including build tools
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# Build software in place
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# Keep all dependencies in final image
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```
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### After (Multi-stage)
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```dockerfile
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# Build stage
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FROM almalinux:9 AS builder
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# Install build dependencies
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# Download and compile software
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# Stage files for copying
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# Runtime stage
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FROM almalinux:9
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# Install only runtime dependencies
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# Copy built files from builder stage
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# Minimal final image
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```
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## Testing
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Run `./test-optimization.sh` to validate the optimization structure is correctly applied to both Dockerfiles.
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The optimized images maintain full functionality while significantly reducing size.

‎utf8.Dockerfile‎

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# Build stage
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FROM almalinux:9 AS builder
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SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
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# install build dependencies
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RUN dnf update -y && \
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dnf install -y gcc make bison flex automake autoconf diffutils gettext java-11-openjdk-devel && \
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dnf clean all
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# install sbt
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RUN curl -fL https://github.com/coursier/coursier/releases/latest/download/cs-x86_64-pc-linux.gz | gzip -d > cs && \
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chmod +x cs && \
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echo Y | ./cs setup
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# build opensourcecobol4j
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RUN cd /root && \
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curl -L -o opensourcecobol4j-v1.1.7.tar.gz https://github.com/opensourcecobol/opensourcecobol4j/archive/refs/tags/v1.1.7.tar.gz && \
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tar zxvf opensourcecobol4j-v1.1.7.tar.gz && \
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cd opensourcecobol4j-1.1.7 && \
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./configure --prefix=/usr/ --enable-utf8 && \
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touch cobj/*.m4 && \
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make && \
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make install DESTDIR=/tmp/install && \
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rm -rf /root/opensourcecobol4j-v1.1.7.tar.gz /root/opensourcecobol4j-1.1.7
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# Runtime stage
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FROM almalinux:9
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SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
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# install runtime dependencies only
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RUN dnf update -y && \
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dnf install -y java-11-openjdk-headless && \
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dnf clean all && \
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rm -rf /var/cache/dnf/*
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# copy built files from builder stage
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COPY --from=builder /tmp/install/usr/ /usr/
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# classpath settings
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ENV CLASSPATH=:/usr/lib/opensourcecobol4j/libcobj.jar
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RUN echo 'export CLASSPATH=:/usr/lib/opensourcecobol4j/libcobj.jar' >> ~/.bashrc
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# install dependencies
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RUN dnf update -y
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RUN dnf install -y gcc make bison flex automake autoconf diffutils gettext java-11-openjdk-devel
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# install sbt
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RUN curl -fL https://github.com/coursier/coursier/releases/latest/download/cs-x86_64-pc-linux.gz | gzip -d > cs && chmod +x cs && echo Y | ./cs setup
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# install opensourcecobol4j
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RUN cd /root &&\
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curl -L -o opensourcecobol4j-v1.1.7.tar.gz https://github.com/opensourcecobol/opensourcecobol4j/archive/refs/tags/v1.1.7.tar.gz &&\
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tar zxvf opensourcecobol4j-v1.1.7.tar.gz &&\
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cd opensourcecobol4j-1.1.7 &&\
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./configure --prefix=/usr/ --enable-utf8 &&\
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touch cobj/*.m4 &&\
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make &&\
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make install &&\
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rm /root/opensourcecobol4j-v1.1.7.tar.gz
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# add sample programs
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ADD cobol_sample /root/cobol_sample
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