diff --git a/src/style.js b/src/style.js
index f984750bf4..94e4742ee0 100644
--- a/src/style.js
+++ b/src/style.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import {geoPath, group, namespaces} from "d3";
+import {geoPath, group, namespaces, select} from "d3";
 import {create} from "./context.js";
 import {defined, nonempty} from "./defined.js";
 import {formatDefault} from "./format.js";
@@ -302,43 +302,25 @@ export function* groupIndex(I, position, mark, channels) {
   }
 }
 
-// TODO avoid creating a new clip-path each time?
 // Note: may mutate selection.node!
 function applyClip(selection, mark, dimensions, context) {
   let clipUrl;
   const {clip = context.clip} = mark;
   switch (clip) {
     case "frame": {
-      const {width, height, marginLeft, marginRight, marginTop, marginBottom} = dimensions;
-      const id = getClipId();
-      clipUrl = `url(#${id})`;
-      selection = create("svg:g", context)
-        .call((g) =>
-          g
-            .append("svg:clipPath")
-            .attr("id", id)
-            .append("rect")
-            .attr("x", marginLeft)
-            .attr("y", marginTop)
-            .attr("width", width - marginRight - marginLeft)
-            .attr("height", height - marginTop - marginBottom)
-        )
-        .each(function () {
-          this.appendChild(selection.node());
-          selection.node = () => this; // Note: mutation!
-        });
+      // Wrap the G element with another (untransformed) G element, applying the
+      // clip to the parent G element so that the clip path is not affected by
+      // the mark’s transform. To simplify the adoption of this fix, mutate the
+      // passed-in selection.node to return the parent G element.
+      selection = create("svg:g", context).each(function () {
+        this.appendChild(selection.node());
+        selection.node = () => this; // Note: mutation!
+      });
+      clipUrl = getFrameClip(context, dimensions);
       break;
     }
     case "sphere": {
-      const {projection} = context;
-      if (!projection) throw new Error(`the "sphere" clip option requires a projection`);
-      const id = getClipId();
-      clipUrl = `url(#${id})`;
-      selection
-        .append("clipPath")
-        .attr("id", id)
-        .append("path")
-        .attr("d", geoPath(projection)({type: "Sphere"}));
+      clipUrl = getProjectionClip(context);
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -351,6 +333,35 @@ function applyClip(selection, mark, dimensions, context) {
   applyAttr(selection, "clip-path", clipUrl);
 }
 
+function memoizeClip(clip) {
+  const cache = new WeakMap();
+  return (context, dimensions) => {
+    let url = cache.get(context);
+    if (!url) {
+      const id = getClipId();
+      select(context.ownerSVGElement).append("clipPath").attr("id", id).call(clip, context, dimensions);
+      cache.set(context, (url = `url(#${id})`));
+    }
+    return url;
+  };
+}
+
+const getFrameClip = memoizeClip((clipPath, context, dimensions) => {
+  const {width, height, marginLeft, marginRight, marginTop, marginBottom} = dimensions;
+  clipPath
+    .append("rect")
+    .attr("x", marginLeft)
+    .attr("y", marginTop)
+    .attr("width", width - marginRight - marginLeft)
+    .attr("height", height - marginTop - marginBottom);
+});
+
+const getProjectionClip = memoizeClip((clipPath, context) => {
+  const {projection} = context;
+  if (!projection) throw new Error(`the "sphere" clip option requires a projection`);
+  clipPath.append("path").attr("d", geoPath(projection)({type: "Sphere"}));
+});
+
 // Note: may mutate selection.node!
 export function applyIndirectStyles(selection, mark, dimensions, context) {
   applyClip(selection, mark, dimensions, context);
diff --git a/test/output/aaplBollingerCandlestick.svg b/test/output/aaplBollingerCandlestick.svg
index 1115051552..b8a7f75915 100644
--- a/test/output/aaplBollingerCandlestick.svg
+++ b/test/output/aaplBollingerCandlestick.svg
@@ -74,18 +74,15 @@
     May
     Jun
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
   
-  
-    
-      
-    
+  
     
       
       
@@ -1349,10 +1346,7 @@
       
     
   
-  
-    
-      
-    
+  
     
       
       
diff --git a/test/output/aaplCloseClip.svg b/test/output/aaplCloseClip.svg
index 8e4130019d..61820798db 100644
--- a/test/output/aaplCloseClip.svg
+++ b/test/output/aaplCloseClip.svg
@@ -82,18 +82,15 @@
     22
     29
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
   
-  
-    
-      
-    
+  
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/armadillo.svg b/test/output/armadillo.svg
index 035971352f..4c9e4ee088 100644
--- a/test/output/armadillo.svg
+++ b/test/output/armadillo.svg
@@ -13,16 +13,13 @@
       white-space: pre;
     }
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
   
-  
-    
-      
-    
+  
     
   
   
diff --git a/test/output/bandClip.svg b/test/output/bandClip.svg
index 53a7ae4069..8d481ce295 100644
--- a/test/output/bandClip.svg
+++ b/test/output/bandClip.svg
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@
     C
   
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       A
       B
diff --git a/test/output/bandClip2.svg b/test/output/bandClip2.svg
index a72fafc75e..06d376c3bc 100644
--- a/test/output/bandClip2.svg
+++ b/test/output/bandClip2.svg
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@
   
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
       
diff --git a/test/output/contourVapor.svg b/test/output/contourVapor.svg
index 338dbdd68d..34f7b908d2 100644
--- a/test/output/contourVapor.svg
+++ b/test/output/contourVapor.svg
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
       white-space: pre;
     }
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
     
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceFilterX.svg b/test/output/differenceFilterX.svg
index 50b08ac5aa..42528783f9 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceFilterX.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceFilterX.svg
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceFilterY1.svg b/test/output/differenceFilterY1.svg
index 24212d85e7..d0f047f8e9 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceFilterY1.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceFilterY1.svg
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceFilterY2.svg b/test/output/differenceFilterY2.svg
index 7b018f1ff5..5fa3d1a60d 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceFilterY2.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceFilterY2.svg
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceX.svg b/test/output/differenceX.svg
index a6fe21f02c..427afb43dc 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceX.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceX.svg
@@ -91,10 +91,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceY.svg b/test/output/differenceY.svg
index 7ae5005cd0..0ae2fbf577 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceY.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceY.svg
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceY1.svg b/test/output/differenceY1.svg
index f79da91dd6..151c7955ca 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceY1.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceY1.svg
@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceYClip.svg b/test/output/differenceYClip.svg
index f258e6c8ff..2fa0ea6368 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceYClip.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceYClip.svg
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@
     1980
     2000
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
         
@@ -65,21 +65,15 @@
       
     
   
-  
-    
-      
-    
+  
     
-      
+      
         
       
-      
+      
     
   
-  
-    
-      
-    
+  
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceYClipVariable.svg b/test/output/differenceYClipVariable.svg
index 32956f81ec..6e179dcfaa 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceYClipVariable.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceYClipVariable.svg
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@
     2017
     2018
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
         
@@ -85,21 +85,15 @@
       
     
   
-  
-    
-      
-    
+  
     
-      
+      
         
       
-      
+      
     
   
-  
-    
-      
-    
+  
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceYConstant.svg b/test/output/differenceYConstant.svg
index 163b607c61..60b6fa086e 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceYConstant.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceYConstant.svg
@@ -74,10 +74,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceYCurve.svg b/test/output/differenceYCurve.svg
index c873427c9b..7140e341e3 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceYCurve.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceYCurve.svg
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceYNegative.svg b/test/output/differenceYNegative.svg
index 3317d2a59a..8607b76012 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceYNegative.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceYNegative.svg
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceYOrdinal.svg b/test/output/differenceYOrdinal.svg
index 4e514a601e..a3c8e33098 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceYOrdinal.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceYOrdinal.svg
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceYOrdinalFlip.svg b/test/output/differenceYOrdinalFlip.svg
index ad221b90c9..369d5d630d 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceYOrdinalFlip.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceYOrdinalFlip.svg
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceYRandom.svg b/test/output/differenceYRandom.svg
index 600ada5961..b14e35f8f2 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceYRandom.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceYRandom.svg
@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceYReverse.svg b/test/output/differenceYReverse.svg
index 98efbb5721..f21f52f7e0 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceYReverse.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceYReverse.svg
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceYVariable.svg b/test/output/differenceYVariable.svg
index 319ee6fc64..36c5964185 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceYVariable.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceYVariable.svg
@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/differenceYZero.svg b/test/output/differenceYZero.svg
index afdf98ffc5..14db8a3f92 100644
--- a/test/output/differenceYZero.svg
+++ b/test/output/differenceYZero.svg
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/hexbin.svg b/test/output/hexbin.svg
index 293342cceb..a2a2505ea3 100644
--- a/test/output/hexbin.svg
+++ b/test/output/hexbin.svg
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@
   
     culmen_depth_mm →
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/hexbinFillX.svg b/test/output/hexbinFillX.svg
index bfb1a75523..fd80f6f95d 100644
--- a/test/output/hexbinFillX.svg
+++ b/test/output/hexbinFillX.svg
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@
   
     culmen_depth_mm →
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/hexbinIdentityReduce.svg b/test/output/hexbinIdentityReduce.svg
index 9ce724ec63..df736b9267 100644
--- a/test/output/hexbinIdentityReduce.svg
+++ b/test/output/hexbinIdentityReduce.svg
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@
   
     culmen_length_mm →
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/hexbinR.html b/test/output/hexbinR.html
index a4f8fd0414..5ade25928a 100644
--- a/test/output/hexbinR.html
+++ b/test/output/hexbinR.html
@@ -127,27 +127,21 @@
       
       
     
+    
+      
+    
     
       
-        
-          
-        
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
diff --git a/test/output/hexbinText.svg b/test/output/hexbinText.svg
index 2cd15de0a3..e91aee982e 100644
--- a/test/output/hexbinText.svg
+++ b/test/output/hexbinText.svg
@@ -93,27 +93,21 @@
     
     
   
+  
+    
+  
   
     
-      
-        
-      
       
         
       
     
-    
-      
-        
-      
+    
       
         
       
     
-    
-      
-        
-      
+    
       
         
       
diff --git a/test/output/hexbinZ.html b/test/output/hexbinZ.html
index 9833c76a21..747c7a9d86 100644
--- a/test/output/hexbinZ.html
+++ b/test/output/hexbinZ.html
@@ -84,10 +84,10 @@
     
       culmen_length_mm →
     
+    
+      
+    
     
-      
-        
-      
       
         
       
diff --git a/test/output/hexbinZNull.svg b/test/output/hexbinZNull.svg
index aacf31426f..1ad7df392c 100644
--- a/test/output/hexbinZNull.svg
+++ b/test/output/hexbinZNull.svg
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@
   
     culmen_depth_mm →
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
       
     
diff --git a/test/output/penguinDensityFill.html b/test/output/penguinDensityFill.html
index 584f9a2c49..95b5d98908 100644
--- a/test/output/penguinDensityFill.html
+++ b/test/output/penguinDensityFill.html
@@ -119,11 +119,11 @@
     
       flipper_length_mm →
     
+    
+      
+    
     
       
-        
-          
-        
         
           
           
@@ -136,10 +136,7 @@
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
           
@@ -152,10 +149,7 @@
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
           
diff --git a/test/output/penguinDensityZ.html b/test/output/penguinDensityZ.html
index bebdd3b075..14edf652dc 100644
--- a/test/output/penguinDensityZ.html
+++ b/test/output/penguinDensityZ.html
@@ -118,11 +118,11 @@
     
       flipper_length_mm →
     
+    
+      
+    
     
       
-        
-          
-        
         
           Adelie
           Adelie
@@ -144,10 +144,7 @@
           Gentoo
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           Adelie
           Adelie
@@ -169,10 +166,7 @@
           Chinstrap
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           Adelie
           Adelie
diff --git a/test/output/projectionClipBerghaus.svg b/test/output/projectionClipBerghaus.svg
index 98cba53328..426da50ca4 100644
--- a/test/output/projectionClipBerghaus.svg
+++ b/test/output/projectionClipBerghaus.svg
@@ -13,16 +13,13 @@
       white-space: pre;
     }
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
   
-  
-    
-      
-    
+  
     
   
   
diff --git a/test/output/rasterVaporEqualEarth.svg b/test/output/rasterVaporEqualEarth.svg
index 0361454e91..fad8839548 100644
--- a/test/output/rasterVaporEqualEarth.svg
+++ b/test/output/rasterVaporEqualEarth.svg
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
       white-space: pre;
     }
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
   
   
diff --git a/test/output/rasterVaporEqualEarthBarycentric.svg b/test/output/rasterVaporEqualEarthBarycentric.svg
index 71241174cd..a5ba2acced 100644
--- a/test/output/rasterVaporEqualEarthBarycentric.svg
+++ b/test/output/rasterVaporEqualEarthBarycentric.svg
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@
       white-space: pre;
     }
   
+  
+    
+  
   
-    
-      
-    
     
   
   
diff --git a/test/output/roundedRectNegativeX.html b/test/output/roundedRectNegativeX.html
index 04bfce0cab..c254ffa29c 100644
--- a/test/output/roundedRectNegativeX.html
+++ b/test/output/roundedRectNegativeX.html
@@ -102,10 +102,10 @@
     
       Frequency →
     
+    
+      
+    
     
-      
-        
-      
       
         
         
diff --git a/test/output/roundedRectNegativeY.html b/test/output/roundedRectNegativeY.html
index bacbed2611..26a42c24c7 100644
--- a/test/output/roundedRectNegativeY.html
+++ b/test/output/roundedRectNegativeY.html
@@ -98,10 +98,10 @@
     
       weight →
     
+    
+      
+    
     
-      
-        
-      
       
         
         
diff --git a/test/output/roundedRectNegativeY1.html b/test/output/roundedRectNegativeY1.html
index 3962f3291c..5f78ede10c 100644
--- a/test/output/roundedRectNegativeY1.html
+++ b/test/output/roundedRectNegativeY1.html
@@ -98,10 +98,10 @@
     
       weight →
     
+    
+      
+    
     
-      
-        
-      
       
         
         
diff --git a/test/output/trafficHorizon.html b/test/output/trafficHorizon.html
index 16feeac2f5..6a17ffe575 100644
--- a/test/output/trafficHorizon.html
+++ b/test/output/trafficHorizon.html
@@ -50,1531 +50,964 @@
         white-space: pre;
       }
     
+    
+      
+    
     
       
-        
-          
-        
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
     
     
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
+      
         
           
         
       
-      
-        
-          
-        
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diff --git a/test/output/usStateCapitalsVoronoi.svg b/test/output/usStateCapitalsVoronoi.svg
index c34eef764b..3b77b8a4ec 100644
--- a/test/output/usStateCapitalsVoronoi.svg
+++ b/test/output/usStateCapitalsVoronoi.svg
@@ -66,17 +66,16 @@
     
     
   
+  
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diff --git a/test/output/usStateCentroidVoronoi.svg b/test/output/usStateCentroidVoronoi.svg
index cc0ca4df88..9d4b20f061 100644
--- a/test/output/usStateCentroidVoronoi.svg
+++ b/test/output/usStateCentroidVoronoi.svg
@@ -67,17 +67,16 @@
     
     
   
+  
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diff --git a/test/output/usStateGeoCentroidVoronoi.svg b/test/output/usStateGeoCentroidVoronoi.svg
index 2ad229543d..ef0a73c090 100644
--- a/test/output/usStateGeoCentroidVoronoi.svg
+++ b/test/output/usStateGeoCentroidVoronoi.svg
@@ -67,17 +67,16 @@
     
     
   
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diff --git a/test/output/youngAdults.html b/test/output/youngAdults.html
index f15b78b8a6..630224b643 100644
--- a/test/output/youngAdults.html
+++ b/test/output/youngAdults.html
@@ -386,51 +386,39 @@ …by age and sex. Data: Eurostat
         
       
     
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