MONGOID-4906 Implement $type (#4923)

* separated type

* added all tests except for Date and Decimal128

* fixed decimal128 and date

* checking evergreen results

* added min server versions

* added min server version for decimal, too large/negative, and array argument

* code review feedback

* add trailing comma

* separate $type tests by type

* simplify array test

* expand boolean tests

* expand code and code with scope tests

* expand decimal coverage

* simplify double tests

* allow Ruby integers to satisfy int32 matcher

* allow Ruby integers to satisfy int64 matcher

* fix null $type when field does not exist

* expand tests

* expand tests

* simplify string test

* expand symbol coverage

* add a timestamp test case

* expand regexp test coverage

* support multiple array elements in $type

* flip the files

* added release notes

* fixing release notes

* fixing release notes

* fixing release notes

* fixing release notes

* fixing release notes

* fixing release notes

* added list of deviations

* add missing server version constraint

* fix newlines

* specify which operators were added

Co-authored-by: Oleg Pudeyev <[email protected]>

Author: ksadoff

source/tutorials/mongoid-relations.txt

@@ -639,15 +639,19 @@ operators that execute JavaScript code (:manual:`$where </reference/operator/que
 and operators that are implemented via other server functionality such as
 :manual:`$expr <https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/expr/>`
 and :manual:`$jsonSchema <https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/query/jsonSchema/>`.
+
 The following operators are supported:
 
-- :manual:`Comparison operators </reference/operator/query-comparison/>`.
-- :manual:`Logical operators </reference/operator/query-logical/>`.
+- :manual:`Bitwise operators </reference/operator/query-bitwise/>`
+- :manual:`Comparison operators </reference/operator/query-comparison/>`
+- :manual:`Logical operators </reference/operator/query-logical/>`
+- :manual:`$comment </reference/operator/query/comment/>`
 - :manual:`$exists </reference/operator/query/exists/>`
-  (:manual:`$type </reference/operator/query/type/>` is not currently supported).
+- :manual:`$mod </reference/operator/query/mod/>`
+- :manual:`$type </reference/operator/query/type/>`
 - :manual:`$regex </reference/operator/query/regex/>` (``$options`` field
-  is only supported when the ``$regex`` argument is a string).
-- :manual:`Array query operators </reference/operator/query-array/>`.
+  is only supported when the ``$regex`` argument is a string)
+- :manual:`Array query operators </reference/operator/query-array/>`
 
 For example, using the model definitions just given, we could query
 tours on a loaded band:
@@ -670,12 +674,20 @@ The following deviations are known:
 - Mongoid embedded matchers, because they are implemented on the client side,
   behave the same regardless of the server version that backs the application.
   As such, it is possible for Mongoid to deviate from server behavior if
-  the server itself behaves differently in different versions.
+  the server itself behaves differently in different versions. All operators are implemented in
+  Mongoid regardless of backing deployment's server version.
 
-  As of this writing, the only known case of such deviation is 3.2 and
-  earlier servers not validating ``$size`` arguments as strictly as
-  newer versions do. Mongoid adopts the behavior of current server versions
-  and validates more strictly.
+  As of this writing, the known cases of such deviation are:
+
+   - 3.2 and earlier servers not validating ``$size`` arguments as strictly as newer versions do.
+   - 4.0 and earlier servers not validating ``$type`` arguments as strictly as newer versions
+     do (allowing invalid arguments like 0, for example).
+   - 3.2 and earlier servers not supporting ``Decimal128`` for ``$type``, as well as allowing invalid
+     arguments such as negative numbers (smaller than -1) and numbers that are greater than 19
+     (not including 127, the argument for the ``MaxKey`` type).
+   - 3.4 and earlier servers not supporting arrays for ``$type``.
+   - 3.0 and earlier servers not supporting bitwise operators.
+
 
 - Mongoid DSL expands ``Range`` arguments to hashes with ``$gte`` and ``$lte``
   conditions. `In some cases <https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/MONGOID-4908>`_
@@ -687,6 +699,8 @@ The following deviations are known:
   possible <https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/MONGOID-4936>`_ to specify a
   regular expression object as the pattern and also provide options.
 
+In general, Mongoid adopts the behavior of current server versions and validates more strictly.
+
 
 Common Behavior
 ===============

source/tutorials/mongoid-upgrade.txt

@@ -349,6 +349,12 @@ conditions.
   # Mongoid 7.2 and 7.1:
   # => #<Task _id: 5ef8dc3e2c97a645ec86bb33, name: "Clean house", pattern: /test/, hours: 12>
 
+Additional Supported Operators
+``````````````````````````````
+
+Mongoid 7.2 adds support for bitwise operators, ``$comment``, ``$mod`` and
+``$type`` operators when embedded matching.
+
 
 ``count`` and ``estimated_count`` Methods
 -----------------------------------------