diff --git a/crates/rmcp/src/service/client.rs b/crates/rmcp/src/service/client.rs
index 134b2ffb..b2e30e0c 100644
--- a/crates/rmcp/src/service/client.rs
+++ b/crates/rmcp/src/service/client.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use futures::{SinkExt, StreamExt};
+use futures::{SinkExt, Stream, StreamExt};
+use thiserror::Error;
 
 use super::*;
 use crate::model::{
@@ -6,15 +7,67 @@ use crate::model::{
     CancelledNotificationParam, ClientInfo, ClientMessage, ClientNotification, ClientRequest,
     ClientResult, CompleteRequest, CompleteRequestParam, CompleteResult, GetPromptRequest,
     GetPromptRequestParam, GetPromptResult, InitializeRequest, InitializedNotification,
-    ListPromptsRequest, ListPromptsResult, ListResourceTemplatesRequest,
+    JsonRpcResponse, ListPromptsRequest, ListPromptsResult, ListResourceTemplatesRequest,
     ListResourceTemplatesResult, ListResourcesRequest, ListResourcesResult, ListToolsRequest,
     ListToolsResult, PaginatedRequestParam, PaginatedRequestParamInner, ProgressNotification,
     ProgressNotificationParam, ReadResourceRequest, ReadResourceRequestParam, ReadResourceResult,
-    RootsListChangedNotification, ServerInfo, ServerNotification, ServerRequest, ServerResult,
-    SetLevelRequest, SetLevelRequestParam, SubscribeRequest, SubscribeRequestParam,
-    UnsubscribeRequest, UnsubscribeRequestParam,
+    RequestId, RootsListChangedNotification, ServerInfo, ServerJsonRpcMessage, ServerNotification,
+    ServerRequest, ServerResult, SetLevelRequest, SetLevelRequestParam, SubscribeRequest,
+    SubscribeRequestParam, UnsubscribeRequest, UnsubscribeRequestParam,
 };
 
+/// It represents the error that may occur when serving the client.
+///
+/// if you want to handle the error, you can use `serve_client_with_ct` or `serve_client` with `Result<RunningService<RoleClient, S>, ClientError>`
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum ClientError {
+    #[error("expect initialized response, but received: {0:?}")]
+    ExpectedInitResponse(Option<ServerJsonRpcMessage>),
+
+    #[error("expect initialized result, but received: {0:?}")]
+    ExpectedInitResult(Option<ServerResult>),
+
+    #[error("conflict initialized response id: expected {0}, got {1}")]
+    ConflictInitResponseId(RequestId, RequestId),
+
+    #[error("connection closed: {0}")]
+    ConnectionClosed(String),
+
+    #[error("IO error: {0}")]
+    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+}
+
+/// Helper function to get the next message from the stream
+async fn expect_next_message<S>(
+    stream: &mut S,
+    context: &str,
+) -> Result<ServerJsonRpcMessage, ClientError>
+where
+    S: Stream<Item = ServerJsonRpcMessage> + Unpin,
+{
+    stream
+        .next()
+        .await
+        .ok_or_else(|| ClientError::ConnectionClosed(context.to_string()))
+        .map_err(|e| ClientError::Io(std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Other, e)))
+}
+
+/// Helper function to expect a response from the stream
+async fn expect_response<S>(
+    stream: &mut S,
+    context: &str,
+) -> Result<(ServerResult, RequestId), ClientError>
+where
+    S: Stream<Item = ServerJsonRpcMessage> + Unpin,
+{
+    let msg = expect_next_message(stream, context).await?;
+
+    match msg {
+        ServerJsonRpcMessage::Response(JsonRpcResponse { id, result, .. }) => Ok((result, id)),
+        _ => Err(ClientError::ExpectedInitResponse(Some(msg))),
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct RoleClient;
 
@@ -74,6 +127,15 @@ where
     let mut sink = Box::pin(sink);
     let mut stream = Box::pin(stream);
     let id_provider = <Arc<AtomicU32RequestIdProvider>>::default();
+
+    // Convert ClientError to std::io::Error, then to E
+    let handle_client_error = |e: ClientError| -> E {
+        match e {
+            ClientError::Io(io_err) => io_err.into(),
+            other => std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Other, format!("{}", other)).into(),
+        }
+    };
+
     // service
     let id = id_provider.next_request_id();
     let init_request = InitializeRequest {
@@ -85,34 +147,24 @@ where
             .into_json_rpc_message(),
     )
     .await?;
-    let (response, response_id) = stream
-        .next()
+
+    let (response, response_id) = expect_response(&mut stream, "initialize response")
         .await
-        .ok_or(std::io::Error::new(
-            std::io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof,
-            "expect initialize response",
-        ))?
-        .into_message()
-        .into_result()
-        .ok_or(std::io::Error::new(
-            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
-            "expect initialize result",
-        ))?;
+        .map_err(handle_client_error)?;
+
     if id != response_id {
-        return Err(std::io::Error::new(
-            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
-            "conflict initialize response id",
-        )
-        .into());
+        return Err(handle_client_error(ClientError::ConflictInitResponseId(
+            id,
+            response_id,
+        )));
     }
-    let response = response.map_err(std::io::Error::other)?;
+
     let ServerResult::InitializeResult(initialize_result) = response else {
-        return Err(std::io::Error::new(
-            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
-            "expect initialize result",
-        )
-        .into());
+        return Err(handle_client_error(ClientError::ExpectedInitResult(Some(
+            response,
+        ))));
     };
+
     // send notification
     let notification = ClientMessage::Notification(ClientNotification::InitializedNotification(
         InitializedNotification {