[asan] Add test for deferencing zero-sized malloc/calloc (#155933)

ASan fails to catch this, because 0-byte allocations are converted into
1-byte allocations.

Bug originally reported by dvyukov

Author: thurstond

compiler-rt/test/asan/TestCases/zero_alloc.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// RUN: %clang_asan -Wno-alloc-size -fsanitize-recover=address %s -o %t && %env_asan_opts=halt_on_error=0 %run %t 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+// ASan doesn't catch this because internally it translates 0-byte allocations
+// into 1-byte
+// XFAIL: *
+
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  {
+    char *p1 = (char *)calloc(1, 0);
+    printf("p1 is %p\n", p1);
+    printf("Content of p1 is: %d\n", *p1);
+    // CHECK: ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow
+    // CHECK: {{#0 0x.* in main .*zero_alloc.cpp:}}[[@LINE-2]]
+    free(p1);
+  }
+
+  {
+    char *p2 = (char *)calloc(0, 1);
+    printf("p2 is %p\n", p2);
+    printf("Content of p2 is: %d\n", *p2);
+    // CHECK: ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow
+    // CHECK: {{#0 0x.* in main .*zero_alloc.cpp:}}[[@LINE-2]]
+    free(p2);
+  }
+
+  {
+    char *p3 = (char *)malloc(0);
+    printf("p3 is %p\n", p3);
+    printf("Content of p2 is: %d\n", *p3);
+    // CHECK: ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow
+    // CHECK: {{#0 0x.* in main .*zero_alloc.cpp:}}[[@LINE-2]]
+    free(p3);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}