diff --git a/packages/vue-i18n-core/src/errors.ts b/packages/vue-i18n-core/src/errors.ts
index c9cc541b1..ce9bc2726 100644
--- a/packages/vue-i18n-core/src/errors.ts
+++ b/packages/vue-i18n-core/src/errors.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import {
-  createCompileError,
-  CORE_ERROR_CODES_EXTEND_POINT
+  CORE_ERROR_CODES_EXTEND_POINT,
+  createCompileError
 } from '@intlify/core-base'
 
 import type { BaseError } from '@intlify/shared'
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ export const I18nErrorCodes = {
   // not compatible legacy vue-i18n constructor
   NOT_COMPATIBLE_LEGACY_VUE_I18N: 33,
   // Not available Compostion API in Legacy API mode. Please make sure that the legacy API mode is working properly
-  NOT_AVAILABLE_COMPOSITION_IN_LEGACY: 34
+  NOT_AVAILABLE_COMPOSITION_IN_LEGACY: 34,
+  // duplicate `useI18n` calling
+  DUPLICATE_USE_I18N_CALLING: 35
 } as const
 
 type I18nErrorCodes = (typeof I18nErrorCodes)[keyof typeof I18nErrorCodes]
@@ -57,5 +59,7 @@ export const errorMessages: { [code: number]: string } = {
   [I18nErrorCodes.NOT_COMPATIBLE_LEGACY_VUE_I18N]:
     'Not compatible legacy VueI18n.',
   [I18nErrorCodes.NOT_AVAILABLE_COMPOSITION_IN_LEGACY]:
-    'Not available Compostion API in Legacy API mode. Please make sure that the legacy API mode is working properly'
+    'Not available Compostion API in Legacy API mode. Please make sure that the legacy API mode is working properly',
+  [I18nErrorCodes.DUPLICATE_USE_I18N_CALLING]:
+    "Duplicate `useI18n` calling by local scope. Please don't call it on local scope"
 }
diff --git a/packages/vue-i18n-core/src/i18n.ts b/packages/vue-i18n-core/src/i18n.ts
index 1fc5eec4f..75cb6e39f 100644
--- a/packages/vue-i18n-core/src/i18n.ts
+++ b/packages/vue-i18n-core/src/i18n.ts
@@ -772,6 +772,10 @@ export function useI18n<
     setupLifeCycle(i18nInternal, instance, composer)
 
     i18nInternal.__setInstance(instance, composer)
+  } else {
+    if (__DEV__ && scope === 'local') {
+      throw createI18nError(I18nErrorCodes.DUPLICATE_USE_I18N_CALLING)
+    }
   }
 
   return composer as unknown as Composer<
diff --git a/packages/vue-i18n-core/test/i18n.test.ts b/packages/vue-i18n-core/test/i18n.test.ts
index 0d6ae7488..9707cb07f 100644
--- a/packages/vue-i18n-core/test/i18n.test.ts
+++ b/packages/vue-i18n-core/test/i18n.test.ts
@@ -622,6 +622,66 @@ describe('useI18n', () => {
       errorMessages[I18nErrorCodes.NOT_INSTALLED_WITH_PROVIDE]
     )
   })
+
+  test(errorMessages[I18nErrorCodes.DUPLICATE_USE_I18N_CALLING], async () => {
+    const i18n = createI18n<false>({
+      legacy: false,
+      locale: 'en',
+      fallbackLocale: ['en'],
+      messages: {
+        en: { hello: 'hello!' }
+      }
+    })
+
+    const useMyComposable = () => {
+      const count = ref(0)
+      const { t } = useI18n({
+        messages: {
+          en: {
+            there: 'hi there! {count}'
+          }
+        }
+      })
+      return { message: t('there', { count: count.value }) }
+    }
+
+    let error = ''
+    const App = defineComponent({
+      setup() {
+        let message: string = ''
+        let t: any // eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+        try {
+          const i18n = useI18n({
+            messages: {
+              en: {
+                hi: 'hi!'
+              }
+            }
+          })
+          t = i18n.t
+          const ret = useMyComposable()
+          message = ret.message
+        } catch (e: any) {
+          error = e.message
+        }
+        return { t, message, error }
+      },
+      template: `
+        <h1>Root</h1>
+          <form>
+            <select v-model="locale">
+              <option value="en">en</option>
+              <option value="ja">ja</option>
+            </select>
+          </form>
+          <p>{{ t('hi') }}</p>
+          <p>{{ message }}</p>
+          <p>{{ error }}</p>
+      `
+    })
+    await mount(App, i18n as any) // eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    expect(error).toBe(errorMessages[I18nErrorCodes.DUPLICATE_USE_I18N_CALLING])
+  })
 })
 
 describe('slot reactivity', () => {