ci: Improve CI dependency checks

[mydea]

This PR updates the way we detect changed packages to rely on Nx under the hood, which should always be in sync.

Previously, we hard-coded paths in the GH workflow to determine which packages have been changed, so we can make sure to run tests accordingly.

Now, we use Nx to detect this for PRs - this takes the dependency graph into consideration and should always be up-to-date. We just need to make sure to have correct dependencies defined, also for dev packages like node-integration-tests (see addition I made there).

Note: For profiling-node, we still check the old way, because we want to avoid re-running this every time a dependency of profiling-node changes - because that depends on e.g. core and utils, and we don't want to/need to re-run this all the time.

This PR does two other things:

1. Enable global yarn cache - this may help us reduce install time on CI
2. Merge the install & build CI steps - these were run in parallel, which in reality only ate up about 50s, because this is how long it takes to restore the dependency cache, which had to happen in the build step. By merging this, min. time for install + build for a fully cached scenario is down to ~1:15 minutes, where previously it was >2 minutes across the two steps.

Example runs:

• Change in packages/browser: https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/actions/runs/10215948246
• Change in packages/core: https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/actions/runs/10215944443
• Change in packages/profiling-node: https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/actions/runs/10216003595

[AbhiPrasad]

🔥

https://sentry.sentry.io/performance/trace/873398cfb15e12425819001fb05bc840/?field=title&field=event.type&field=project&field=user.display&field=timestamp&name=All+Events&node=txn-d417e651eb934d84ac224a5ca2ae15d1&project=5899451&query=branch%3Afn%2Ftest-pr-node&sort=-timestamp&source=discover&statsPeriod=24h&timestamp=1722603895&yAxis=count%28%29

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size
@sentry/browser	22.46 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	34.24 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	70.29 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	63.63 KB (+0.01% 🔺)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	74.69 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	87.29 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback, metrics)	89.13 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. metrics)	26.76 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	39.39 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	27.08 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	31.72 KB (0%)
@sentry/react	25.22 KB (0%)
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	37.23 KB (0%)
@sentry/vue	26.6 KB (0%)
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	36.08 KB (+0.01% 🔺)
@sentry/svelte	22.59 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle	23.65 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	35.89 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	70.32 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	75.59 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	69.4 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	106.32 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	218.17 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	231.08 KB (0%)
@sentry/nextjs (client)	37.08 KB (0%)
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	34.81 KB (0%)
@sentry/node	114.77 KB (+0.01% 🔺)
@sentry/node - without tracing	89.33 KB (+0.01% 🔺)
@sentry/aws-serverless	98.5 KB (+0.01% 🔺)