diff --git a/ChangeLog.md b/ChangeLog.md
index 4189cc53f7510..11fb822277f88 100644
--- a/ChangeLog.md
+++ b/ChangeLog.md
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ See docs/process.md for more on how version tagging works.
 - If exceptions are disabled, using `new` together with `std::nothrow` no
   longer aborts if the allocation fails. Instead `nullptr` is returned now.
   This does not change the behavior of regular usage of `new`.
+- Default `MIN_CHROME_VERSION` was increased from 75 to 85 and default
+  `MIN_FIREFOX_VERSION` was increased from 68 to 79 to allow Emscripten
+  to use some ES2021 features for smaller JavaScript code size. (#20549)
 
 3.1.47 - 10/09/23
 -----------------
diff --git a/src/settings.js b/src/settings.js
index 4109dcfbd80c6..5764f26d97f8c 100644
--- a/src/settings.js
+++ b/src/settings.js
@@ -1768,10 +1768,10 @@ var AUTO_NATIVE_LIBRARIES = true;
 // versions >= MIN_FIREFOX_VERSION
 // are desired to work. Pass -sMIN_FIREFOX_VERSION=majorVersion to drop support
 // for Firefox versions older than < majorVersion.
-// Firefox ESR 68 was released on July 9, 2019.
+// Firefox 79 was released on 2020-07-28.
 // MAX_INT (0x7FFFFFFF, or -1) specifies that target is not supported.
 // [link]
-var MIN_FIREFOX_VERSION = 68;
+var MIN_FIREFOX_VERSION = 79;
 
 // Specifies the oldest version of desktop Safari to target. Version is encoded
 // in MMmmVV, e.g. 70101 denotes Safari 7.1.1.
@@ -1810,10 +1810,10 @@ var MIN_EDGE_VERSION = 0x7FFFFFFF;
 
 // Specifies the oldest version of Chrome. E.g. pass -sMIN_CHROME_VERSION=58 to
 // drop support for Chrome 57 and older.
-// Chrome 75.0.3770 was released on 2019-06-04
+// Chrome 85 was released on 2020-08-25.
 // MAX_INT (0x7FFFFFFF, or -1) specifies that target is not supported.
 // [link]
-var MIN_CHROME_VERSION = 75;
+var MIN_CHROME_VERSION = 85;
 
 // Specifies minimum node version to target for the generated code.  This is
 // distinct from the minimum version required run the emscripten compiler.
diff --git a/test/test_core.py b/test/test_core.py
index 885419f07d783..178946806b010 100644
--- a/test/test_core.py
+++ b/test/test_core.py
@@ -9907,13 +9907,9 @@ def test_main_reads_args(self):
   @requires_node
   def test_promise(self):
     # This test depends on Promise.any, which in turn requires a modern target.  Check that it
-    # fails to even build without bumping the min versions:
-    err = self.expect_fail([EMCC, test_file('core/test_promise.c')])
+    # fails to even build on old targets.
+    err = self.expect_fail([EMCC, test_file('core/test_promise.c'), '-sMIN_CHROME_VERSION=75'])
     self.assertContained('error: emscripten_promise_any used, but Promise.any is not supported by the current runtime configuration', err)
-    self.set_setting('MIN_NODE_VERSION', '150000')
-    self.set_setting('MIN_SAFARI_VERSION', '150000')
-    self.set_setting('MIN_FIREFOX_VERSION', '79')
-    self.set_setting('MIN_CHROME_VERSION', '85')
     self.do_core_test('test_promise.c')
 
   @with_asyncify_and_jspi
diff --git a/test/test_other.py b/test/test_other.py
index 5d39d6e79ff36..0080ab9ed0497 100644
--- a/test/test_other.py
+++ b/test/test_other.py
@@ -12967,6 +12967,8 @@ def test_es5_transpile(self, args):
     # - arrow funcs
     # - for..of
     # - object.assign
+    # - nullish coalescing & chaining
+    # - logical assignment
     create_file('es6_library.js', '''\
     addToLibrary({
       foo: function(arg="hello") {
@@ -12974,7 +12976,7 @@ def test_es5_transpile(self, args):
         let obj = Object.assign({}, {prop:1});
         err('prop: ' + obj.prop);
 
-        // arror funcs + const
+        // arrow funcs + const
         const bar = () => 2;
         err('bar: ' + bar());
 
@@ -12991,6 +12993,22 @@ def test_es5_transpile(self, args):
         };
         global['foo'] = obj3;
         err('value2: ' + obj3.myMethod());
+
+        // Nullish coalescing
+        var definitely = global['maybe'] ?? {};
+
+        // Optional chaining
+        global['maybe']
+          ?.subObj
+          ?.[key]
+          ?.func
+          ?.();
+
+        // Logical assignment
+        var obj4 = null;
+        obj4 ??= 0;
+        obj4 ||= 1;
+        obj4 &&= 2;
       }
     });
     ''')
@@ -13005,6 +13023,11 @@ def check_for_es6(filename, expect):
         self.assertContained(['() => 2', '()=>2'], js)
         self.assertContained('const ', js)
         self.assertContained('let ', js)
+        self.assertContained('?.[', js)
+        self.assertContained('?.(', js)
+        self.assertContained('??=', js)
+        self.assertContained('||=', js)
+        self.assertContained('&&=', js)
       else:
         self.verify_es5(filename)
         self.assertNotContained('foo(arg=', js)
@@ -13012,6 +13035,10 @@ def check_for_es6(filename, expect):
         self.assertNotContained('()=>2', js)
         self.assertNotContained('const ', js)
         self.assertNotContained('let ', js)
+        self.assertNotContained('??', js)
+        self.assertNotContained('?.', js)
+        self.assertNotContained('||=', js)
+        self.assertNotContained('&&=', js)
 
     # Check that under normal circumstances none of these features get
     # removed / transpiled.
diff --git a/tools/acorn-optimizer.js b/tools/acorn-optimizer.js
index 8260ec601112b..2d97919f7959c 100755
--- a/tools/acorn-optimizer.js
+++ b/tools/acorn-optimizer.js
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ function applyDCEGraphRemovals(ast) {
 
 // Need a parser to pass to acorn.Node constructor.
 // Create it once and reuse it.
-const stubParser = new acorn.Parser({ecmaVersion: 2020});
+const stubParser = new acorn.Parser({ecmaVersion: 2021});
 
 function createNode(props) {
   const node = new acorn.Node(stubParser);
@@ -2008,7 +2008,7 @@ let ast;
 try {
   ast = acorn.parse(input, {
     // Keep in sync with --language_in that we pass to closure in building.py
-    ecmaVersion: 2020,
+    ecmaVersion: 2021,
     preserveParens: closureFriendly,
     onComment: closureFriendly ? sourceComments : undefined,
     sourceType: exportES6 ? 'module' : 'script',
diff --git a/tools/building.py b/tools/building.py
index 7f063bffb07c1..c24f1c41c6fdf 100644
--- a/tools/building.py
+++ b/tools/building.py
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ def closure_compiler(filename, advanced=True, extra_closure_args=None):
 
   args = ['--compilation_level', 'ADVANCED_OPTIMIZATIONS' if advanced else 'SIMPLE_OPTIMIZATIONS']
   # Keep in sync with ecmaVersion in tools/acorn-optimizer.js
-  args += ['--language_in', 'ECMASCRIPT_2020']
+  args += ['--language_in', 'ECMASCRIPT_2021']
   # Tell closure not to do any transpiling or inject any polyfills.
   # At some point we may want to look into using this as way to convert to ES5 but
   # babel is perhaps a better tool for that.
diff --git a/tools/unsafe_optimizations.js b/tools/unsafe_optimizations.js
index 41641f93499d3..45e8d01c3545b 100644
--- a/tools/unsafe_optimizations.js
+++ b/tools/unsafe_optimizations.js
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ function optPassMergeVarInitializationAssignments(ast) {
 }
 
 function runOnJsText(js, pretty = false) {
-  const ast = acorn.parse(js, {ecmaVersion: 2020});
+  const ast = acorn.parse(js, {ecmaVersion: 2021});
 
   optPassSimplifyModuleInitialization(ast);
   optPassRemoveRedundantOperatorNews(ast);