diff --git a/modules/lang-painless/src/main/resources/org/elasticsearch/painless/org.elasticsearch.script.fields.txt b/modules/lang-painless/src/main/resources/org/elasticsearch/painless/org.elasticsearch.script.fields.txt
index 6b6c2e32f1f75..9e5b000438dd7 100644
--- a/modules/lang-painless/src/main/resources/org/elasticsearch/painless/org.elasticsearch.script.fields.txt
+++ b/modules/lang-painless/src/main/resources/org/elasticsearch/painless/org.elasticsearch.script.fields.txt
@@ -29,4 +29,9 @@ class org.elasticsearch.script.field.DelegateDocValuesField @dynamic_type {
 class org.elasticsearch.script.field.BinaryDocValuesField @dynamic_type {
   ByteBuffer get(ByteBuffer)
   ByteBuffer get(int, ByteBuffer)
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
+class org.elasticsearch.script.field.BooleanDocValuesField @dynamic_type {
+  boolean get(boolean)
+  boolean get(int, boolean)
+}
diff --git a/modules/lang-painless/src/yamlRestTest/resources/rest-api-spec/test/painless/50_script_doc_values.yml b/modules/lang-painless/src/yamlRestTest/resources/rest-api-spec/test/painless/50_script_doc_values.yml
index 8f00cdb90c106..42d3f6f10a5d9 100644
--- a/modules/lang-painless/src/yamlRestTest/resources/rest-api-spec/test/painless/50_script_doc_values.yml
+++ b/modules/lang-painless/src/yamlRestTest/resources/rest-api-spec/test/painless/50_script_doc_values.yml
@@ -58,6 +58,19 @@ setup:
                 scaled_float: 3.14
                 token_count: count all these words please
 
+    - do:
+        index:
+          index: test
+          id: 2
+          body: {}
+
+    - do:
+        index:
+          index: test
+          id: 3
+          body:
+              boolean: [true, false, true]
+
     - do:
         indices.refresh: {}
 
@@ -67,6 +80,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -77,12 +91,92 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
                             source: "doc['boolean'].value"
     - match: { hits.hits.0.fields.field.0: true }
 
+    - do:
+        search:
+            rest_total_hits_as_int: true
+            body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
+                script_fields:
+                    field:
+                        script:
+                            source: "field('boolean').get(false)"
+    - match: { hits.hits.0.fields.field.0: true }
+
+    - do:
+        search:
+            rest_total_hits_as_int: true
+            body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
+                script_fields:
+
+                    field:
+                        script:
+                            source: "field('boolean').get(false)"
+    - match: { hits.hits.0.fields.field.0: true }
+
+    - do:
+        search:
+            rest_total_hits_as_int: true
+            body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 2 } }
+                script_fields:
+                    field:
+                        script:
+                            source: "field('boolean').get(false)"
+    - match: { hits.hits.0.fields.field.0: false }
+
+    - do:
+        search:
+            rest_total_hits_as_int: true
+            body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
+                script_fields:
+                    field:
+                        script:
+                            source: "field('boolean').get(1, false)"
+    - match: { hits.hits.0.fields.field.0: false }
+
+    - do:
+        search:
+            rest_total_hits_as_int: true
+            body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
+                script_fields:
+                    field:
+                        script:
+                            source: "int total = 0; for (boolean b : field('boolean')) { total += b ? 1 : 0; } total;"
+    - match: { hits.hits.0.fields.field.0: 1 }
+
+    - do:
+        search:
+            rest_total_hits_as_int: true
+            body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 3 } }
+                script_fields:
+                    field:
+                        script:
+                            source: "int total = 0; for (boolean b : field('boolean')) { total += b ? 1 : 0; } total + field('boolean').size();"
+    - match: { hits.hits.0.fields.field.0: 5 }
+
+    - do:
+        search:
+            rest_total_hits_as_int: true
+            body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 2 } }
+                script_fields:
+                    field:
+                        script:
+                            source: "field('boolean').size()"
+    - match: { hits.hits.0.fields.field.0: 0 }
+
+
 ---
 "date":
     - skip:
@@ -92,6 +186,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -102,6 +197,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -114,6 +210,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -125,6 +222,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -136,6 +234,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     centroid:
                         script:
@@ -147,6 +246,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     bbox:
                         script:
@@ -160,6 +260,7 @@ setup:
         search:
           rest_total_hits_as_int: true
           body:
+            query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
             script_fields:
                     topLeft:
                         script:
@@ -176,6 +277,7 @@ setup:
         search:
           rest_total_hits_as_int: true
           body:
+            query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
             script_fields:
                     type:
                         script:
@@ -186,6 +288,7 @@ setup:
         search:
           rest_total_hits_as_int: true
           body:
+            query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
             script_fields:
               width:
                 script:
@@ -202,6 +305,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -212,6 +316,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -224,6 +329,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -234,6 +340,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -249,6 +356,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -259,6 +367,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -271,6 +380,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -281,6 +391,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -293,6 +404,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -303,6 +415,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -315,6 +428,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -325,6 +439,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -337,6 +452,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -347,6 +463,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -359,6 +476,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -369,6 +487,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -381,6 +500,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -391,6 +511,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -403,6 +524,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -413,6 +535,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -425,6 +548,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
@@ -435,6 +559,7 @@ setup:
         search:
             rest_total_hits_as_int: true
             body:
+                query: { term: { _id: 1 } }
                 script_fields:
                     field:
                         script:
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/fielddata/ScriptDocValues.java b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/fielddata/ScriptDocValues.java
index d6afb24ab7067..9003a32db09f0 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/fielddata/ScriptDocValues.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/fielddata/ScriptDocValues.java
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 import org.elasticsearch.common.time.DateUtils;
 import org.elasticsearch.geometry.utils.Geohash;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.field.BinaryDocValuesField;
+import org.elasticsearch.script.field.BooleanDocValuesField;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.time.ZoneOffset;
 import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
 import java.util.AbstractList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
 
@@ -455,60 +455,31 @@ public GeoBoundingBox getBoundingBox() {
 
     public static final class Booleans extends ScriptDocValues<Boolean> {
 
-        private final SortedNumericDocValues in;
-        private boolean[] values = new boolean[0];
-        private int count;
+        private final BooleanDocValuesField booleanDocValuesField;
 
-        public Booleans(SortedNumericDocValues in) {
-            this.in = in;
+        public Booleans(BooleanDocValuesField booleanDocValuesField) {
+            this.booleanDocValuesField = booleanDocValuesField;
         }
 
         @Override
         public void setNextDocId(int docId) throws IOException {
-            if (in.advanceExact(docId)) {
-                resize(in.docValueCount());
-                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-                    values[i] = in.nextValue() == 1;
-                }
-            } else {
-                resize(0);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set the {@link #size()} and ensure that the {@link #values} array can
-         * store at least that many entries.
-         */
-        protected void resize(int newSize) {
-            count = newSize;
-            values = grow(values, count);
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
         }
 
         public boolean getValue() {
+            throwIfEmpty();
             return get(0);
         }
 
         @Override
         public Boolean get(int index) {
-            if (count == 0) {
-                throw new IllegalStateException(
-                    "A document doesn't have a value for a field! "
-                        + "Use doc[<field>].size()==0 to check if a document is missing a field!"
-                );
-            }
-            return values[index];
+            throwIfEmpty();
+            return booleanDocValuesField.getInternal(index);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int size() {
-            return count;
-        }
-
-        private static boolean[] grow(boolean[] array, int minSize) {
-            assert minSize >= 0 : "size must be positive (got " + minSize + "): likely integer overflow?";
-            if (array.length < minSize) {
-                return Arrays.copyOf(array, ArrayUtil.oversize(minSize, 1));
-            } else return array;
+            return booleanDocValuesField.size();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/fielddata/plain/LeafLongFieldData.java b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/fielddata/plain/LeafLongFieldData.java
index 877c1d0df84b9..987ffb7059fd5 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/fielddata/plain/LeafLongFieldData.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/fielddata/plain/LeafLongFieldData.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 import org.elasticsearch.index.fielddata.ScriptDocValues;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.fielddata.SortedBinaryDocValues;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.fielddata.SortedNumericDoubleValues;
+import org.elasticsearch.script.field.BooleanDocValuesField;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.field.DelegateDocValuesField;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.field.DocValuesField;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.DocValueFormat;
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ public final DocValuesField<?> getScriptField(String name) {
                     name
                 );
             case BOOLEAN:
-                return new DelegateDocValuesField(new ScriptDocValues.Booleans(getLongValues()), name);
+                return new BooleanDocValuesField(getLongValues(), name);
             default:
                 return new DelegateDocValuesField(new ScriptDocValues.Longs(getLongValues()), name);
         }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/script/field/BooleanDocValuesField.java b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/script/field/BooleanDocValuesField.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6eed4eef37e3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/script/field/BooleanDocValuesField.java
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License
+ * 2.0 and the Server Side Public License, v 1; you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with, at your election, the Elastic License 2.0 or the Server
+ * Side Public License, v 1.
+ */
+
+package org.elasticsearch.script.field;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.index.SortedNumericDocValues;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.ArrayUtil;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.fielddata.ScriptDocValues;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+public class BooleanDocValuesField implements DocValuesField<Boolean> {
+
+    private final SortedNumericDocValues input;
+    private final String name;
+
+    private boolean[] values = new boolean[0];
+    private int count;
+
+    private ScriptDocValues.Booleans booleans = null;
+
+    public BooleanDocValuesField(SortedNumericDocValues input, String name) {
+        this.input = input;
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the current document ID.
+     *
+     * @param docId
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void setNextDocId(int docId) throws IOException {
+        if (input.advanceExact(docId)) {
+            resize(input.docValueCount());
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                values[i] = input.nextValue() == 1;
+            }
+        } else {
+            resize(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void resize(int newSize) {
+        count = newSize;
+
+        assert count >= 0 : "size must be positive (got " + count + "): likely integer overflow?";
+        if (values.length < count) {
+            values = Arrays.copyOf(values, ArrayUtil.oversize(count, 1));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a {@code ScriptDocValues} of the appropriate type for this field.
+     * This is used to support backwards compatibility for accessing field values
+     * through the {@code doc} variable.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public ScriptDocValues<?> getScriptDocValues() {
+        if (booleans == null) {
+            booleans = new ScriptDocValues.Booleans(this);
+        }
+
+        return booleans;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the name of this field.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if this field has no values, otherwise {@code false}.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return count == 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of values this field has.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an iterator over elements of type {@code T}.
+     *
+     * @return an Iterator.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<Boolean> iterator() {
+        return new Iterator<Boolean>() {
+            private int index = 0;
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                return index < count;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Boolean next() {
+                if (hasNext() == false) {
+                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
+                }
+                return values[index++];
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    public boolean get(boolean defaultValue) {
+        return get(0, defaultValue);
+    }
+
+    public boolean get(int index, boolean defaultValue) {
+        if (isEmpty() || index < 0 || index >= count) {
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+
+        return values[index];
+    }
+
+    // this method is required to support the old-style "doc" access in ScriptDocValues
+    public boolean getInternal(int index) {
+        return values[index];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/BooleanScriptFieldTypeTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/BooleanScriptFieldTypeTests.java
index f99b6ee3e1390..746635718a927 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/BooleanScriptFieldTypeTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/BooleanScriptFieldTypeTests.java
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import org.elasticsearch.script.Script;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.ScriptCompiler;
 import org.elasticsearch.script.ScriptType;
+import org.elasticsearch.script.field.BooleanDocValuesField;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.MultiValueMode;
 import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
 import org.elasticsearch.xcontent.XContentParser;
@@ -137,6 +138,23 @@ public double execute(ExplanationHolder explanation) {
                         };
                     }
                 }, searchContext.lookup(), 2.5f, "test", 0, Version.CURRENT)), equalTo(1));
+                assertThat(searcher.count(new ScriptScoreQuery(new MatchAllDocsQuery(), new Script("test"), new ScoreScript.LeafFactory() {
+                    @Override
+                    public boolean needs_score() {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public ScoreScript newInstance(DocReader docReader) {
+                        return new ScoreScript(Map.of(), searchContext.lookup(), docReader) {
+                            @Override
+                            public double execute(ExplanationHolder explanation) {
+                                BooleanDocValuesField booleans = (BooleanDocValuesField) field("test");
+                                return booleans.getInternal(0) ? 3 : 0;
+                            }
+                        };
+                    }
+                }, searchContext.lookup(), 2.5f, "test", 0, Version.CURRENT)), equalTo(1));
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/MapperTestCase.java b/test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/MapperTestCase.java
index 1ee397de644c5..7da507d04430a 100644
--- a/test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/MapperTestCase.java
+++ b/test/framework/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/MapperTestCase.java
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@
 import org.elasticsearch.core.CheckedConsumer;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexSettings;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.fielddata.IndexFieldDataCache;
-import org.elasticsearch.index.fielddata.ScriptDocValues;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.query.SearchExecutionContext;
 import org.elasticsearch.indices.breaker.NoneCircuitBreakerService;
+import org.elasticsearch.script.field.DocValuesField;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.DocValueFormat;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.lookup.LeafStoredFieldsLookup;
 import org.elasticsearch.search.lookup.SearchLookup;
@@ -666,24 +666,23 @@ public final void testIndexTimeFieldData() throws IOException {
 
             LeafReaderContext ctx = ir.leaves().get(0);
 
-            ScriptDocValues<?> fieldData = fieldType.fielddataBuilder("test", () -> { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); })
+            DocValuesField<?> docValuesField = fieldType.fielddataBuilder("test", () -> { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); })
                 .build(new IndexFieldDataCache.None(), new NoneCircuitBreakerService())
                 .load(ctx)
-                .getScriptField("test")
-                .getScriptDocValues();
+                .getScriptField("test");
 
-            fieldData.setNextDocId(0);
+            docValuesField.setNextDocId(0);
 
             DocumentLeafReader reader = new DocumentLeafReader(doc.rootDoc(), Collections.emptyMap());
-            ScriptDocValues<?> indexData = fieldType.fielddataBuilder("test", () -> { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); })
+            DocValuesField<?> indexData = fieldType.fielddataBuilder("test", () -> { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); })
                 .build(new IndexFieldDataCache.None(), new NoneCircuitBreakerService())
                 .load(reader.getContext())
-                .getScriptField("test")
-                .getScriptDocValues();
+                .getScriptField("test");
+
             indexData.setNextDocId(0);
 
             // compare index and search time fielddata
-            assertThat(fieldData, equalTo(indexData));
+            assertThat(docValuesField.getScriptDocValues(), equalTo(indexData.getScriptDocValues()));
         });
     }